Figure 1
Cadaverine treatment reduces breast cancer aggressiveness in vivo. Female Balb/c mice were grafted with 4T1 cells as described and were treated with cadaverine (500 nmol/kg q.d. p.o.; CAD group) or vehicle (CTL) (n = 16/16) for 16 days before sacrifice. 6 samples from CTL group and 8 samples from cadaverine group underwent histological analysis. In CTL and CAD group (A) the number and (B) mass of primary tumors were counted and the (C) number and (D) mass of metastases were measured upon autopsy. (E) Upon autopsy, the infiltration rate of the primary tumor was scored. Significance (p = 0.002) was calculated using Fisher’s exact test with 2 × 3 Contingency Table. (F–H) Primary tumors were formalin-fixed and were embedded into paraffin, then sections were hematoxylin-eosin stained and were scored for (F) mitosis (p = 0.0031), (G) mitosis/hpf (p = 0.027) and (H) nuclear pleomorphism (p = 0.0097). Data is plotted as mean ± SEM. In box-whiskers charts (panels B and D) middle lines indicate the median, while red square symbol the mean. * and ** indicate statistically significant difference between CTL and CAD groups at p < 0.05 or p < 0.01, respectively. Significance was calculated using two-sample student t-test (two-tailed) except for panel E, F and H, where Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was used.
