Figure 3
Cadaverine treatment reverses EMT of breast cancer cells. (A,B) In control and cadaverine-treated 4T1 cells (A) total cellular impedance was measured by ECIS (n = 2 in duplicate) (p = 0.0484 at 36 hrs. and 0.0487 at 40 hrs.) and (B) morphology of the actin cytoskeleton (representative picture of control and 0.1 µM cadaverine-treated cells) was assessed after Texas Red-X Phalloidin + To-Pro-3 staining (n = 2 in triplicates), ratio (%) of epithelial and mesenchymal cells was shown on bar chart. Significance was calculated using Chi-square test in Microsoft Excel (p = 2.97 × 10−28 between control and 0.1 µM cadaverine, p = 1.04 × 10−18 between control and 0.3 µM cadaverine, p = 3.97 × 10−10 between control and 0.8 µM cadaverine). (C–E) Expression of a set of genes involved in EMT were assessed by RT-qPCR in (C) 4T1 cells (n = 3), (D) primary tumors (n = 16/16) and in (E) metastases (n = 16/16). All data is expressed as fold change. The red line that equals to 1 (no change) indicate the average of the control samples. Data is plotted as mean ± SEM. On panel A and C-E significance was calculated using two-sample student t-test (two-tailed), while on panel B One-way Anova was used to calculate differences. Significant p values were shown in Supplementary Table 4. *,** and *** indicate statistically significant difference between control and treated groups at p < 0.05, p < 0.01 or p < 0.001 respectively. CAD – cadaverine, other abbreviations are in the text.
