Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the development cohort and validation cohort.
From: An Equation Based on Fuzzy Mathematics to Assess the Timing of Haemodialysis Initiation
Development cohort (n = 1281) | Validation cohort (n = 504) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
Sex (male, %) | 59.9 | 62.5 | 0.307 |
Age (years) | 54.0 ± 13.8 | 53.1 ± 15.1 | 0.221 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 16.7 ± 23.5 | 16.8 ± 11.2 | 0.002 |
Symptoms at the beginning of haemodialysis (yes, %) | |||
Heart failure | 29.1 | 41.3 | <0.001 |
Vomiting | 26.5 | 47.2 | <0.001 |
Oedema (II° and above) | 45.0 | 49.6 | 0.077 |
Uraemic encephalopathy | 2.6 | 4.0 | 0.119 |
Diabetes (%) | 22.4 | 29.2 | 0.003 |
Laboratory test levels at initiation | |||
Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 8.5 ± 2.1 | 8.2 ± 2.1 | 0.033 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.5 ± 0.7 | 3.5 ± 0.6 | 0.148 |
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 85.7 ± 5.7 | 91.5 ± 1.5 | 0.001 |
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 10.1 ± 4.5 | 10.0 ± 4.2 | 0.778 |
Uraemia (µmol/L) | 467.1 ± 163.1 | 449.7 ± 157.7 | 0.143 |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.8 ± 0.9 | 4.9 ± 0.9 | 0.012 |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 138.9 ± 4.3 | 139.1 ± 4.2 | 0.063 |
Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.05 ± 0.32 | 1.97 ± 0.30 | < 0.001 |
Phosphate (mmol/L) | 2.0 ± 0.70 | 2.1 ± 0.70 | 0.028 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)* | 7.8 ± 3.9 | 7.6 ± 3.5 | 0.287 |
≤5 (%) | 20.1 | 22.4 | |
5–10 (%) | 61.1 | 60.7 | |
>10 (%) | 18.8 | 16.9 | |
Died within 3 years of haemodialysis initiation (%) | 12.2 | 11.3 | 0.969 |
