Figure 3
ABX464 upregulates a single microRNA, the anti-inflammatory miR-124. (A) Microarray analysis of small RNAs from PBMCs from 6 donors. PBMC were infected with the YU-2 strain (I) or uninfected (NI) and treated with ABX464 or untreated (DMSO). Volcano plots show that infection leads to large variations in small noncoding RNAs (left panel), whereas ABX464 induced a reproducible upregulation of a single microRNA, miR-124, in infected and uninfected cells (right and middle panels, respectively). (B) Quantification of miR-124 expression using TaqMan Low Density Array technology in CD4+ T cells under the same conditions as in A. (C) Expression of miR-124 measured by qPCR in PBMCs, purified CD4+ and CD8 T cells, and macrophages treated with ABX464 in comparison to untreated cells (DMSO, fold change). (D) Expression of miR-124 in PBMCs treated with the antiretrovirals ABX464, ABX530, maraviroc, efavirenz, darunavir and AZT compared to untreated cells (DMSO, fold change). (E) Quantification of miR-124 in rectal biopsies of healthy participants (n = 10) and HIV patients undergoing ART at days 1 and 28 of treatment with ABX464 (n = 9). Individual graphs show the results for each patient in comparison with the results for healthy participants.
