Table 4 The mean concentration of heavy metals in electroplating wastewater (before and after adsorption process).
Physico-chemical parameters | Raw value | Batch adsorption by P-CNTS | Batch adsorption by PHB-CNTS | WHO/EPA Permissible limits | NIS Permissible limits |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | 0.83 | 5.63 | 5.65 | 5.5–8.5 | 6.5–8.5 |
Iron (mg/L) | 127.5 | 18.01 | 23.115 | 0.3/0.2 | 0.3 |
Nickel (mg/L) | 106.1 | 8.2325 | 10.1105 | 0.07/0.02 | 0.02 |
Cadmium (mg/L) | 3.02 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.005 | 0.003 |
Lead (mg/L) | 4.94 | 0.0160 | 0.0395 | 0.01/0.05 | 0.01 |
Copper (mg/L) | 97.57 | 5.8575 | 6.4735 | 2/0.05 | 1 |
Zinc (mg/L) | 167.6 | 10.09 | 8.215 | 5 | 3 |
Chromium (mg/L) | 72.34 | 0.1360 | 0.9005 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
Arsenic (mg/L) | 58.03 | 0 | 0 | 0.01/0.05 | 0.01 |
