Table 6 Isotherm parameters on the adsorption of the selected Heavy Metals by PHB-CNTs.

Isotherm models	Fe	Ni	Cd	Pb	Cu	Zn	Cr	As
Langmuir
a_L	227.27	10.16	−30.12	196.08	19.61	49.26	74.63	−2500
b_L	1.6364	−0.0163	−34.6536	3.9216	−0.0012	0.2463	−0.366	−30.25
Q₀	138.89	−625.00	0.86	50	−16667	200	−204.1	82.65
R_L	0.0048	−1.38	−0.01	0.0491	1.1297	0.0237	−0.04	−0.0001
R²	0.0086	0.4319	0.8692	0.2212	0.3677	0.0341	0.4111	0.4998
Freundlich
K_f	154.24	5.44	1.4 × 10⁻⁹	328.78	16.80	198.79	128.07	87.68
1/n_f	−0.313	1.365	−6.611	1.204	1.112	−0.018	1.992	−0.384
n_f	−31.949	0.732	−0.151	0.831	0.899	−56.18	0.502	−2.602
R²	0.0114	0.6309	0.8697	0.5066	0.5978	0.0017	0.6460	0.7091
Temkin
B_T	−0.6750	338.89	−52.375	17.651	271.26	−1.0382	410.72	−63.26
b_T	−3362.6	6.70	−43.34	128.59	8.37	−2186	5.53	−35.88
A_T	2 × 10⁻⁹⁴	0.1424	25.0198	36.0660	0.2578	7 × 10⁻⁸³	1.4366	0.2295
R²	0.0003	0.8037	0.9683	0.7095	0.7806	0.0001	0.8031	0.8765
D-R
K_ads	−3 × 10⁻⁶	−3 × 10⁻⁵	−2 × 10⁻⁷	−4 × 10⁻⁸	−1 × 10⁻⁵	−3 × 10⁻⁵	−7 × 10⁻⁷	2 × 10⁻⁹
q_s	145.71	542.62	6.5 × 10⁻⁵	71.25	445.50	210.76	755.21	87.68
R²	0.0730	0.6103	0.8930	0.4741	0.5278	0.1424	0.6210	0.7091

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