Figure 8

Human atrial optical and electrogram mapping analysis. (a) Activation map and example signals generated from human left atrial appendage stained with voltage sensitive dye. (b) Activation map and example signals generated from human right atrial in vivo electrogram array recordings. Labels refer to closest anatomical structure on 2D map - IVC and SVC: Inferior and Superior Vena Cava, CSO – Coronary Sinus Ostium, Fossa - Fossa Ovalis. (c) Dominant Frequency analysis between 4 and 10 Hz, showing localized area of increased frequency during AF. (d) Phase maps at 3 time points during sinus rhythm and AF. Synchronised phase behaviour during sinus rhythm is not replicated during AF. The displayed frames are taken from phase mapping over 30 s, Supplementary Video II. (e) Dominant Frequency analysis and (f) Phase maps at 3 time points during sinus rhythm and AF performed using previously published algorithms of similar datasets22.