Table 3 Bivariate quantitative genetic analyses of HRV, HR, and BRS with ambulatory daytime/sleep/24-hour SBP/DBP examining the genetic, environmental, and phenotypic correlations.

From: Heritability and genetic and environmental correlations of heart rate variability and baroreceptor reflex sensitivity with ambulatory and beat-to-beat blood pressure

	N	Ambulatory Daytime SBP				Ambulatory Daytime DBP
	N	Genetic correlation, r_G(SE)	Environmental correlation, r_E(SE)	Phenotypic correlation, r_P	Proportions of r_P (A/E)	Genetic correlation, r_G(SE)	Environmental correlation, r_E(SE)	Phenotypic correlation, r_P	Proportions of r_P (A/E)
lnSDNN	1223	0.09 (0.17)	−0.10^* (0.05)	−0.06	0.72/0.28	0.04 (0.16)	−0.08(0.05)	−0.05	0.13/0.87
lnRMSSD	1223	0.02 (0.16)	−0.09(0.05)	−0.06	0.06/0.94	−0.03 (0.15)	−0.07(0.05)	−0.06	0.14/0.86
lnHF	1215	0.01 (0.16)	−0.07(0.05)	−0.05	0.04/0.96	−0.01 (0.15)	−0.06(0.05)	−0.04	0.06/0.94
lnLF	1215	0.08 (0.17)	−0.06(0.05)	−0.03	0.26/0.74	−0.07 (0.16)	−0.01(0.05)	−0.03	0.69/0.31
lnVLF	1215	0.15 (0.19)	−0.03(0.05)	0.001	0.54/0.46	−0.03 (0.18)	−0.01(0.05)	−0.01	0.45/0.55
lnTP	1215	0.06 (0.18)	−0.06(0.05)	−0.04	0.20/0.80	−0.06 (0.17)	−0.04(0.05)	−0.05	0.31/0.69
lnHR	1223	−0.14 (0.13)	0.07(0.05)	0.005	0.48/0.52	0.03 (0.13)	0.02(0.06)	0.02	0.45/0.55
lnBRS	1211	−0.17(0.15)	−0.06(0.05)	−0.09^§	0.49/0.51	−0.11(0.15)	−0.07(0.06)	−0.08^§	0.43/0.57
	N	Ambulatory Sleep SBP				Ambulatory Sleep DBP
lnSDNN	1214	−0.02 (0.19)	−0.08(0.05)	−0.06^§	0.05/0.95	−0.13 (0.21)	−0.07(0.05)	−0.10^§	0.27/0.73
lnRMSSD	1214	0.09 (0.19)	−0.07(0.05)	−0.04	0.25/0.75	−0.08 (0.21)	−0.08^* (0.05)	−0.08^§	0.18/0.82
lnHF	1204	0.08(0.19)	−0.07(0.05)	−0.04	0.23/0.77	0.03 (0.20)	−0.09(0.05)	−0.07^§	0.07/0.93
lnLF	1205	0.05 (0.20)	−0.09(0.05)	−0.07^§	0.11/0.89	0.01 (0.22)	−0.08 (0.05)	−0.07^§	0.02/0.98
lnVLF	1205	0.15 (0.22)	−0.04(0.05)	−0.01	0.44/0.56	0.14 (0.24)	−0.08(0.05)	−0.05	0.22/0.78
lnTP	1205	0.10 (0.21)	−0.09(0.05)	−0.06	0.20/0.80	0.09 (0.23)	−0.11^* (0.05)	−0.18^§	0.13/0.87
lnHR	1214	−0.05 (0.16)	0.07(0.05)	0.04	0.23/0.77	0.05 (0.17)	0.08(0.05)	0.07^§	0.17/0.83
lnBRS	1197	−0.19(0.18)	−0.03(0.05)	−0.07^§	0.67/0.33	−0.23(0.20)	−0.04(0.05)	−0.08^§	0.58/0.42
	N	Ambulatory 24-hour SBP				Ambulatory 24-hour DBP
lnSDNN	1216	0.08 (0.17)	−0.10(0.05)	−0.06	0.19/0.81	0.01 (0.16)	−0.08(0.05)	−0.05	0.04/0.96
lnRMSSD	1216	0.02 (0.16)	−0.10(0.05)	−0.07^§	0.06/0.94	−0.04 (0.15)	−0.09(0.05)	−0.07^§	0.15/0.85
lnHF	1206	0.02 (0.16)	−0.08(0.05)	−0.06	0.07/0.93	−0.04 (0.15)	−0.07(0.05)	−0.06	0.18/0.82
lnLF	1207	0.09 (0.17)	−0.08(0.05)	−0.04	0.24/0.76	−0.07 (0.16)	−0.04(0.05)	−0.04	0.37/0.63
lnVLF	1207	0.15 (0.19)	−0.05(0.05)	−0.01	0.43/0.57	−0.02 (0.18)	−0.03(0.05)	−0.02	0.16/0.84
lnTP	1207	0.07 (0.18)	−0.08(0.05)	−0.05	0.19/0.81	−0.06 (0.17)	−0.07(0.05)	−0.06^§	0.22/0.78
lnHR	1216	−0.13 (0.13)	0.10(0.06)	0.02	0.38/0.62	0.02 (0.13)	0.06(0.06)	0.04	0.16/0.84
lnBRS	1201	−0.19(0.15)	−0.06(0.05)	−0.10^§	0.53/0.47	−0.14(0.15)	−0.06(0.06)	−0.08^§	0.50/0.50

Models were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, age², age × sex, and age² × sex.
SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; r_G: genetic correlation; r_E: environmental correlation; r_P: phenotypic correlation; SE: standard error; SDNN: standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals; RMSSD: root mean square of successive differences; HF: high frequency; LF: low frequency; VLF: very low frequency; TP: total power; HR: heart rate; BRS: baroreceptor sensitivity.
^†Genetic correlations are significantly different from 0 (p < 0.05).
*Environmental correlations are significantly different from 0 (p < 0.05).
^§Phenotypic correlations are significantly different from 0 (p < 0.05).
A/E is the percentage of the phenotypic correlation that is caused by genes (A) or environment (E), based on the following equation: \({r}_{p}=(\sqrt{{h}_{BP}^{2}}\times {r}_{G}\times \sqrt{{h}_{HRV}^{2}})+(\sqrt{{e}_{BP}^{2}}\times {r}_{E}\times \sqrt{{e}_{HRV}^{2}})\).

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Table 3 Bivariate quantitative genetic analyses of HRV, HR, and BRS with ambulatory daytime/sleep/24-hour SBP/DBP examining the genetic, environmental, and phenotypic correlations.

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