Table 1 Reflection light intensities when the Optical-Guided Location Device guides the needle tip to epidural space.

From: Optically Guided Epidural Needle Placement Using 405-nm Wavelength for Accurate Puncture

Animal I.D.

Body weight (kg)

Number of lumbar punctures

Reflect optical signal (value)

L2-L3

L3-14

L4-L5

127

60.2

3

0*

0

0

130

65.0

3

0*

0

0

131

62.5

3

0

0

0

132

61.5

3

0

0

0

133

60.1

3

0

0

0

155

58.0

3

0

0

0

140

55.0

3

0

0

0

137

55.5

3

0

0

0

139

55.0

3

0

0

0

138

54.2

3

0

0

0

153

52.0

3

0*

0

0

141

50.0

3

0*

0

0

142

40.0

3

0

0

0*

146

42.0

3

0*

0

0

144

40.0

3

0*

0

0*

149

40.5

3

0

0

0

143

38.0

3

0

0

0

145

37.5

3

0

0

0

151

38.0

3

0

0

0

154

49.0

3

0

0

0

  1. *indicates failure of needle tip reaching epidural spaces or erroneous epidural puncture.