Table 3 The optical locator performs in a lumbar puncture arrival success rate of epidural/spinal dura mater.

From: Optically Guided Epidural Needle Placement Using 405-nm Wavelength for Accurate Puncture

Placement

Number of animals

Number of lumbar puncture

Overall successful lumbar puncture rate

Successful lumbar puncture rate

To epidural space

20

60

52/60 (87%)

52/58 (89.7%)a

To duty mater

10

30

25/30 (83.3%)

25/25 (100%)b

  1. Number of successful lumbar puncture/total number of lumbar puncture.
  2. aTwo failed lumbar punctures due to human error from operator were excluded.
  3. bFive failed lumbar punctures due to human error from operator were excluded.