Figure 2
From: The discovery of Lake Hephaestus, the youngest athalassohaline deep-sea formation on Earth
Hydrochemical and stable isotope analysis of Hephaestus sediments. (a–c) Concentrations of Mg2+ (a), Cl− (b) and δD (versus Vienna standard mean ocean water [VSMOW]) (c) in the pore water of a 3.2-m long sediment core. The bars represent δD standard deviation of measurements of brine and pore water samples made on three replicate assays. Concentrations of Mg2+, Cl− in Discovery sediments20 are shown for comparison. All model curves (see Methods) for Mg2+ and Cl− were produced using the following parameters: effective sediment diffusion coefficient (Ds), 2.4 × 10−10 m2 s−1; advection rate (Vs), 9.51 × 10−11 m s−1; timing (t), 2.2 × 1010 s (≈700 years), 31.55 × 109 s (≈1,000 years), 63.1 × 109 s (≈2,000 years) for Hephaestus, 2,000 years for Discovery (Cl− is overlapped). Model curves for δD share the same parameters and timings, except for sediment diffusion coefficient Ds set to 2.96 × 10−10 m2 s−1. Error bars reflect the standard deviation.
