Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of all participants.

From: Longitudinal association of carotid endothelial shear stress with renal function decline in aging adults with normal renal function: A population-based cohort study

 

Grouped by interquartile of MWSS

Grouped by interquartile of PWSS

Q1+2+3 group (n = 1081)

Q4 group (n = 366)

p value

Q1+2+3 group (n = 1085)

Q4 group (n = 362)

p value

Clinical parameters

   Age (years)

68.08 ± 5.72

67.44 ± 5.03

0.055

68.06 ± 5.69

67.49 ± 5.14

0.094

   Female [n (%)]

543 (50.2)

181 (49.5)

0.797

543 (50.0)

181 (50.0)

0.988

   Smoking [n (%)]

241 (22.3)

85 (23.2)

0.713

253 (23.3)

73 (20.2)

0.214

   Alcohol intake [n (%)]

382 (35.3)

153 (41.8)

0.034

392 (36.1)

143 (39.5)

0.288

   Hypertension [n (%)]

759 (70.2)

183 (50.0)

<0.001

744 (68.6)

198 (54.7)

<0.001

   Antihypertensive medication [n (%)]

684 (90.1)

168 (91.8)

0.486

673 (90.4)

179 (90.4)

0.982

   Diabetes [n (%)]

127 (11.7)

44 (12.0)

0.889

123 (11.3)

48 (13.3)

0.326

   Lowering-glucose medication [n (%)]

120 (94.5)

42 (95.5)

0.805

116 (94.3)

46 (95.8)

0.688

   Dyslipidemia [n (%)]

286 (26.5)

117 (32.0)

0.042

285 (26.3)

118 (32.6)

0.020

   Antidyslipidemia medication [n (%)]

140 (49.0)

59 (50.4)

0.788

142 (49.8)

57 (48.3)

0.781

   Antiplatelet medication [n (%)]

307 (28.4)

92 (25.1)

0.227

297 (27.4)

102 (28.2)

0.767

   Body mass index (kg/m2)

24.06 ± 2.86

23.89 ± 2.61

0.311

23.96 ± 2.86

24.21 ± 2.61

0.128

   SBP (mm Hg)

141.21 ± 13.50

138.11 ± 13.33

<0.001

141.01 ± 13.12

138.58 ± 14.54

0.003

   DBP (mm Hg)

70.49 ± 7.07

70.28 ± 7.06

0.619

70.58 ± 7.00

70.01 ± 7.26

0.188

Biochemical parameters

   Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.65 ± 0.89

4.65 ± 0.97

0.956

4.62 ± 0.90

4.74 ± 0.93

0.037

   Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.58 ± 0.57

1.63 ± 0.53

0.118

1.59 ± 0.56

1.60 ± 0.54

0.712

   HDL-c (mmol/L)

1.14 ± 0.47

1.16 ± 0.51

0.467

1.13 ± 0.47

1.21 ± 0.50

0.003

   LDL-c (mmol/L)

2.79 ± 0.72

2.75 ± 0.83

0.360

2.77 ± 0.73

2.80 ± 0.81

0.610

   FPG (mmol/L)

5.37 (4.65, 6.22)

5.23 (4.48, 6.06)

0.005

5.29 (4.59, 6.16)

5.44 (4.66, 6.20)

0.056

   Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.83 ± 0.19

0.70 ± 0.14

<0.001

0.82 ± 0.19

0.74 ± 0.17

<0.001

   Cystatin C (mg/L)

0.97 (0.83, 1.16)

0.79 (0.64, 0.93)

<0.001

0.94 (0.82, 1.14)

0.84 (0.70, 1.01)

<0.001

   Urinary albumin (mg/L)

1.52 (0.99, 2.21)

0.79 (0.55, 1.12)

<0.001

1.41 (0.89, 2.08)

0.93 (0.68, 1.46)

<0.001

Endothelial functional and inflammatory parameters

   NO (μmol/L)

50.52 (59.93, 68.49)

76.52 (68.70, 85.52)

<0.001

61.03 (51.05, 70.89)

73.09 (63.07, 81.96)

<0.001

   ET-1 (pg/mL)

78.86 (69.29, 87.56)

75.40 (67.58, 84.09)

<0.001

76.99 (67.85, 85.76)

80.05 (72.87, 88.27)

<0.001

   ICAM-1 (ng/mL)

137.3 (117.2, 171.0)

134.9 (122.2, 148.8)

0.034

139.1 (119.1, 172.1)

133.2 (117.0, 146.8)

0.001

   VCAM-1 (ng/mL)

644.3 (581.9, 732.0)

618.6 (552.4, 688.6)

<0.001

644.3 (575.2, 727.6)

613.8 (556.1, 702.9)

<0.001

   hsCRP (mg/L)

3.58 (3.02, 4.20)

2.93 (2.48, 3.57)

<0.001

3.53 (2.93, 4.12)

3.15 (2.65, 3.70)

<0.001

CCA ultrasonographic parameters

   IMT (mm)

1.48 (1.27, 1.72)

1.21 (1.08, 1.37)

<0.001

1.44 (1.22, 1.66)

1.28 (1.13, 1.46)

<0.001

   MWSS (Pa)

0.96 (0.80, 1.10)

1.39 (1.32, 1.50)

<0.001

0.98 (0.78, 1.16)

1.30 (1.14, 1.48)

<0.001

   PWSS (Pa)

1.67 (1.42, 1.99)

2.21 (1.91, 2.50)

<0.001

1.65 (1.41, 1.90)

2.39 (2.24, 2.54)

<0.001

Renal function parameters

   eGFR (mL·min−1·1.73 m−2)

89.7 (84.3, 96.7)

95.1 (86.8, 103.0)

<0.001

89.7 (84.4, 97.1)

94.1 (86.4, 102.1)

<0.001

   ACR (mg/g)

15.12 (9.86, 20.35)

11.45 (8.91, 15.49)

<0.001

14.82 (9.91, 20.00)

11.76 (8.91, 16.21)

<0.001

  1. Continuous data are described as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) depending on the normality of the data. Categorical data are described as numbers (percentages). SBP indicates systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; NO, nitric oxide; ET-1, endothelin-1; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; hsCRP, hypersensitive C-reactive protein; CCA, common carotid artery; IMT, intima-media thickness; MWSS, mean wall shear stress; PWSS, peak wall shear stress; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate based on creatinine and cystatin C; and ACR, albumin/creatinine ratio.
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