Table 4 Multilevel analysis in predicting individual-level BMI.

From: Investigating the relationship between district-level socioeconomic status and individual obesity in Taiwanese adolescents: A large-scale cross-sectional analysis

Fixed effects

Not controlled for

physical fitness

Controlled for

physical fitness

BMI

Coefficient

S.E.

t/Wald Z

Coefficient

S.E.

t/Wald Z

  Intercept

16.74

0.14

121.39***

17.89

0.13

140.38***

  Gender

−0.90

0.01

−153.33***

−1.04

0.01

−123.86***

  Age

0.43

0.001

357.04***

0.50

0.001

362.39***

  Average family income per household

−7.34

1.18

−6.21***

−6.38

1.08

−5.91***

  Sit-and-reach

   

0.05

0.001

153.06***

  Sit-up

   

−0.02

0.001

−50.34***

  Standing long jump

   

−0.04

0.001

−316.83***

  Run/walk

   

0.01

2.53

331.66***

Variance component

  Level 2- district

0.02

0.01

2.85***

0.01

0.005

2.82***

  Level 1- individual BMI

16.15

0.02

968.40***

13.99

0.01

968.40***

  −2*log-likelihood

1.05

  

1.03

  
  1. *p < 0.10; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01.