Figure 5 | Scientific Reports

Figure 5

From: Dental pulp cell-derived powerful inducer of TNF-α comprises PKR containing stress granule rich microvesicles

Figure 5

DPIT also activates normal human monocytes and macrophages. (a,b) Induction of TNF-α gene expression in human normal CD14-positive monocytes (a) and differentiated macrophages induced by M-CSF from PBMC (b). These cells were stimulated with DP-1 sup for indicated time periods and total RNAs were collected. (c) Induction of morphological changes of normal human macrophages to a “fried egg-like” appearance. Differentiated normal human macrophages were stimulated with DP-1 sup for indicated time periods and adhered cells were visualized with phase-contrast microscopy.

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