Table 1 Clinical and demographic data including follow-up data of the mHTT carriers. Only antidepressants and antipsychotics have been included in the number of subjects on medication.

From: Alterations in the tyrosine and phenylalanine pathways revealed by biochemical profiling in cerebrospinal fluid of Huntington’s disease subjects

Cohort

Controls

Premanifest HD

Manifest HD

n

42

13

13

Female/Male

27/15

6/7

5/8

On medication, n

6

1

8

Age*, median(range)

44(20–74)

34(19–56)

51(30–72)

CAG, median(range)

n/a

42(40–54)

43(39–49)

5 year risk of onset, % median(range)

n/a

23(1–46)

n/a

DBS*, mean(±SD)

n/a

265(±73.7)

385(±62.9)

TFC*, mean(±SD)

n/a

13(±0.0)

9.5(±3.50)

TMS*, median(range)

n/a

1(0–4)

29(8–64)

CVF*, mean(±SD)

n/a

22(±3.7)

12(±5.3)

VFL*, mean(±SD)

n/a

42(±15.3)

17(±10.1)

SDMT*, mean(±SD)

n/a

48(±12.5)

20(±9.94)

SI*, median(range)

n/a

47(38–62)

22(6–36)

SWR* mean(±SD)

n/a

88(±15.7)

48(±22.2)

SC*, mean(±SD)

n/a

69(±11.2)

33(±14.9)

Follow-up

 

Premanifest HD

Manifest HD

n

 

7

8

Female/Male

 

3/4

3/5

On medication, n

 

3

5

Transitioned, n

 

1

n/a

Sampling interval in months, median(range)

 

12(11.2–44.6)

28(10.4–44.2)

Sampling a

 

1 st

2 nd

1 st

2 nd

5 year risk of onset$, % median(range)

 

14(1–30)

17.5(2–33)

n/a

n/a

DBS$, mean(±SD)

 

254(±69.2)

267(±69.0)

380(±79.6)

396(±86.0)

TFC, mean(±SD)

 

13(±0.0)

13(±0.0)

9.8(±3.20)

8.0(±3.93)

TMS, median(range)

 

1.5(0–4)

1.5(0–5)

28(8–64)

32.5(17–60)

CVF, mean(±SD)

 

22(±3.11)

19(±7.28)

13(±3.31)

12(±7.95)

VFL, mean(±SD)

 

38(±12.8)

40(±11.1)

16.7(±11.3)

16.9(±12.5)

SDMT, mean(±SD)

 

46(±17.0)

46(±14.3)

24(±3.99)

24(±11.6)

SI, median(range)

 

45.5(38–50)

46(34–57)

22(6–31)

19(11–28)

SWR, mean(±SD)

 

85(±19.6)

87(±28.5)

50(±17.4)

51(±11.9)

SC, mean(±SD)

 

72(±14.2)

66(±13.6)

36(±10.4)

33(±9.25)

  1. *A significant difference between premanifest and manifest HD subjects. $A significant difference between the 1st and 2nd samplings for both premanifest and manifest HD subjects. aThe phenoconverter was excluded in comparisons between 1st and 2nd samplings. DBS: disease burden score; TFC: total functional capacity; 5yrisk: the five year risk of onset; TMS: total motor score; SC: Stroop color; SWR: Stroop word reading; SI: Stroop interference; CVF: category verbal fluency; VFL: verbal fluency letters; SDMT: symbol digit modalities test.