Figure 6

PCAF-mediated δ-catenin downregulation suppresses prostate cancer cell growth and motility. (A) PCAF reduced endogenous δ-catenin levels in Rv, DU145, PC3, and C42 prostate cancer cell lines. Four prostate cancer cell lines were transfected with empty vector or Flag-PCAF and subjected to immunoblotting with anti-δ-catenin or anti-Flag antibody. (B–C) PCAF suppressed the viability and growth of Rv, DU145, PC3, C42, and Rv/δ cells, and 3-MA treatment or δ-catenin overexpression restored the decreased growth of PCAF-overexpressing prostate cancer cells. Cell viability (B) and cell growth (C) were determined by the MTT assay and clonogenic assay, respectively, in empty vector or Flag-PCAF transfected cells treated or transfected with vehicle or 3-MA or δ-catenin. (D–E) PCAF reduced the migration and invasion abilities of Rv, DU145, C42, and Rv/δ cells while 3-MA treatment or δ-catenin overexpression restored the decreased migration and invasion of PCAF-overexpressing prostate cancer cells. Cells were transfected with Flag-PCAF together with or withiout δ-catenin or empty vector, and migration and invasion assays were performed in the presence of vehicle or 3-MA with Transwell chambers coated without (D) or with (E) gelatin, respectively. Quantitative analysis of δ-catenin levels, cell viability, colony area, and migrated and invaded cell numbers from at least three independent experiments are shown as a bar graph in each panel (ii). Values are presented as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; NS, no significant difference compared with the control group. “−”, Mock transfection.