Table 2 Clinical characteristics of the High-responder (HR) group and the Low-responder (LR) group.

From: Three days of a eucaloric, low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet increases insulin clearance in healthy non-obese Japanese men

 

Low-responder (LR)

High-responder (HR)

P value for two-way repeated ANOVA

Pre

Post

Pre

Post

n

21

—

21

—

—

Metabolic clearance rate of insulin (ml/min per m2)

508.5 (460.9–569.7)

498.1 (453.0–527.6)

492.7 (464.1–499.6)

561.8 (547.1–627.8)

—

Age (years)

23 (21–24)

—

23 (22–25)

—

—

BMI (kg/m2)

22.5 (19.8–24.4)

22.2 (19.4–24.2)

22.8 (21.2–24.1)

22.4 (21.1–24.0)

0.11

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl)

87 (86–90)

87 (83–90)

86 (83–91)

85 (83–90)

0.68

Fasting serum insulin (μU/mL)

3.85 (3.05–4.28)

3.15 (2.44–4.57)

4.13 (3.30–4.67)

3.13 (2.50–3.75)

0.83

Fasting serum C-peptide (ng/ml)

1.13 (0.91–1.31)

0.99 (0.81–1.21)

1.11 (0.90–1.35)

0.92 (0.72–1.12)

0.72

Free fatty acid (μEq/L)

389 (348–539)

419 (360–480)

410 (360–470)

430 (340–460)

0.97

Triglyceride (mg/dl)

71 (49–79)

35 (29–46)

70 (52–100)

40 (28–49)

0.52

HbA1c (%)

4.7 (4.6–4.8)

4.7 (4.6–4.7)

4.6 (4.5–4.8)

4.7 (4.5–4.8)

0.06

High molecular weight-adiponectin (ng/ml)

1.45 (0.96–1.87)

1.29 (0.96–1.60)

1.05 (0.70–1.45)

1.16 (0.82–1.34)

0.55

Intramyocellular lipid in TA(S-fat/Cre)

2.4 (1.4–3.3)

2.1 (2.0–3.1)

2.3 (1.3–3.1)

3.0 (2.5–4.4) *

<0.05

Intramyocellular lipid in SOL (S-fat/Cre)

8.0 (7.1–11.5)

9.2 (6.5–11.3)

6.6 (4.9–9.3)

9.6 (7.1–12.7)

0.08

Total body fat content (%)

15.7 (13.8–20.7)

16.3 (12.1–19.9)

17.5 (13.6–18.7)

16.2 (13.6–18.1)

0.18

VO2peak (ml/kg per min)

47.0 (43.0–52.7)

—

47.8 (43.5–55.9)

—

—

Daily Physical Activity (kcal/day)

256 (222–324)

272 (212–326)

278 (257–329)

279 (239–334)

0.59

Acetoacetic acid

26 (19–43)

68 (50–110)

34 (24–54)

76 (63–68)

0.79

3-Hydroxybutyric acid

59 (33–107)

162 (73–206)

64 (40–115)

161 (120–208)

0.94

Total ketone body

84 (57–146)

228 (130–311)

98.5 (70–167)

242 (175–300)

0.88

Steady state serum insulin (μU/mL)

200 (177–219)

202 (192–223)

208 (201–218)

180 (161–186) *

<0.05

Glucose infusion rate (mg/kg FFM·min−1)

11.7 (10.6–13.0)

11.4 (10.3–12.4)

12.7 (11.0–14.0)

11.2 (10.0–13.2)

0.10

Glucose infusion rate (mg/kg FFM·min−1)/Log10 Steady state serum insulin (μU/mL)

5.15 (4.55–5.78)

4.93 (4.40–5.43)

5.51 (4.71–6.17)

5.00 (4.47–6.01)

0.45

  1. Data are median (IQR). TA; tibialis anterior muscle, SOL; soleus muscle, S-fat; methylene signal intensity, VO2peak; peak oxygen consumption.
  2. *P < 0.05 vs. Pre in HR group.
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