Figure 1
From: Pro-angiogenic Ginsenosides F1 and Rh1 Inhibit Vascular Leakage by Modulating NR4A1
F1 and Rh1 promote endothelial cell tube formation, proliferation and migration. (A) Effects of 10 different ginsenosides on tube formation. The tube formation assay was performed using HUVECs with 4 hr DMSO treatment as control, VEGF (0.5 nM), or indicated ginsenosides (25 μM). Representative tube formation images of PPT-type ginsenosides, which have pro-angiogenic effects, are shown (left). Scale bars, 100 μm. The branch points of the capillary-like tubes were counted and the quantitative data are presented as mean ±SD (n = 3) (right). (B) Dose-dependent effects of F1 and Rh1 on tube formation in HUVECs. Representative images (left) and quantification (right) of the tube formation assay are shown. Scale bars, 100 μm. Data are presented as mean ±SD (n = 3). (C) Effects of F1 and Rh1 on cell proliferation. HUVECs were treated with the indicated concentrations of F1, Rh1, or Rg1 for 24 hr and cell proliferation was measured by the WST-1 assay. (D) Effects of F1 and Rh1 on cell migration. The cell migration assay was conducted in HUVECs treated with VEGF (0.5 nM or 2.5 nM) or indicated ginsenosides (10 μM or 25 μM) for 12 hr. Representative cell migration images are shown and the wound-healing areas are indicated in blue (left). Scale bars, 100 μm. The migration areas were measured by ImageJ software and the quantitative data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3) (right). Statistical significance was calculated based on three independent experiments (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001, P-values between depicted groups).
