Table 5 Effect of treatment and period on plasma hormones and metabolites.

Item	Normal Feeding			Restricted Feeding			RSD¹	Significant effect²
Item	P1	P2	P3	P1	P2	P3	RSD¹	Significant effect²
Number of animals	18	18	18	18	18	18
Insulin, µUI/ml	8.00	10.27	8.36	4.29	4.46	8.37	0.98	R*, T, B*
Ghrelin, pg/mL	248.5	191.2	204.2	317.3	223.0	238.0	1.00	T, P, BxP**
Leptin, ng/mL	14.34	7.48	12.10	13.36	5.96	10.25	0.98	B*, P, BxP*
ALK Phos³, U/L	38.8	37.0	31.2	35.3	27.2	32.1	0.99	R**, P, BxP*, PxT^†
GGT⁴, U/L	35.2	33.2	36.8	33.4	33.2	32.1	0.99	R***
AST⁵, U/L	29.8	34.2	39.5	27.6	32.1	29.5	1.01
ALT⁶, U/L	43.0	42.5	39.4	43.9	46.0	34.8	0.99	P*
Amylase, U/L	999	1036	1058	1006	1058	956	0.96	R^†, B, BxP^†, PxT
BUN⁷, g/L	0.28^ab	0.28^ab	0.32^a	0.26^b	0.19^c	0.29^ab	0.10	B**, T, P**, PxT
Glucose, g/L	0.91	0.89	0.90	0.90	0.86	0.89	0.09	R**
Phosphorus, mg/L	68.4	67.8	61.3	69.0	77.1	71.6	1.00	R**, T
Albumin, g/L	34.5	35.0	36.0	35.2	36.4	33.5	1.24	PxT*
Cholesterol, g/L	0.71^ab	0.74^a	0.76^a	0.73^a	0.63^b	0.60^b	0.10	R, T, B^†, PxT***
Creatinin, mg/L	11.9	12.7	13.8	11.7	12.7	12.9	1.10	R, P, B**
Total protein, g/L	63.4	62.1	63.3	64.9	65.4	67.4	0.98	T, B*
Globulines, g/L	29.0	27.0	27.3	29.4	28.6	33.8	4.76	T, B, PxT^†

^a–cWithin a period, means with a different superscript letter differ, P < 0.05.
¹Residual Standard Deviation.
²From an analysis of variance with a linear mixed model including the effects of Treatment (T), Breed (B), Period (P), Replicate (R) and their interactions as fixed effect. Statistical significance: ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05, ^†P ≤ 0.10.
³Alkaline Phosphatase.
⁴Gamma γ-glutamyl transferase.
⁵Aspartate Transaminase.
⁶Alanine Transaminase.
⁷Blood Urea Nitrogen.

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