Table 1 Baseline characteristics.

From: Association between acute kidney injury and serum procalcitonin levels and their diagnostic usefulness in critically ill patients

 

Total (N = 790)

AKI (N = 266)

No AKI (N = 524)

P

Demographic

Age, year

60.3 ± 17.1

62.4 ± 16.1

59.3 ± 17.6

0.012

Male gender, n (%)

478 (60.5%)

159 (59.8%)

319 (60.9%)

0.764

Medical history

CKD, n (%)

59 (7.5%)

39 (14.7%)

20 (3.8%)

<0.001

DM, n (%)

84 (10.6%)

59 (22.2%)

25 (4.8%)

<0.001

HTN, n (%)

133 (16.8%)

88 (33.1%)

45 (8.6%)

<0.001

CVD, n (%)

150 (19.0%)

86 (32.3%)

64 (12.2%)

<0.001

CLD, n (%)

27 (3.4%)

15 (5.6%)

12 (2.3%)

0.014

COPD, n (%)

33 (4.2%)

16 (6.0%)

17 (3.2%)

0.066

Asthma, n (%)

32 (4.1%)

18 (6.8%)

14 (2.7%)

0.006

AKI risk factors

Sepsis, n (%)

283 (35.8%)

111 (41.7%)

172 (32.8%)

0.014

Transfusion, n (%)

360 (45.6%)

148 (55.6%)

212 (40.5%)

<0.001

Ventilator care, n (%)

520 (65.8%)

184 (69.2%)

336 (64.1%)

0.157

Medications

RAS blockers, n (%)

76 (9.6%)

53 (19.9%)

23 (4.4%)

<0.001

CCB, n (%)

59 (7.5%)

38 (14.3%)

21 (4.0%)

<0.001

Beta-blocker, n (%)

64 (8.1%)

45 (16.9%)

19 (3.6%)

<0.001

Diuretics, n (%)

68 (8.6%)

45 (16.9%)

23 (4.4%)

<0.001

Inotropics, n (%)

543 (68.7%)

207 (77.8%)

336 (64.1%)

<0.001

Aminoglycoside, n (%)

40 (5.1%)

8 (3.0%)

32 (6.1%)

0.060

Vancomycin, n (%)

114 (14.4%)

41 (15.4%)

73 (13.9%)

0.575

Colistin, n (%)

22 (2.8%)

11 (4.1%)

11 (2.1%)

0.100

NSAID, n (%)

436 (55.2%)

134 (50.4%)

302 (57.6%)

0.053

Contrast, n (%)

63 (8.0%)

20 (7.5%)

43 (8.2%)

0.736

Chemotherapy, n (%)

6 (0.8%)

1 (0.4%)

5 (1.0%)

0.670

Laboratory findings*

PCT (ng/ml)

0.3 (0.1, 3.6)

0.7 (0.1, 7.1)

0.2 (0.1, 2.7)

<0.001

Creatinine (mg/dl)

1.1 (0.8, 1.4)

1.3 (1.0, 2.1)

1.0 (0.7, 1.2)

<0.001

hsCRP (mg/dl)

1.6 (0.1, 11.1)

2.5 (0.2, 14.3)

1.3 (0.1, 9.5)

0.005

WBC (103/mm3)

12.7 (9.1, 18.0)

13.1 (9.8, 18.5)

12.5 (8.9, 17.8)

0.116

pH

7.3 (7.2, 7.4)

7.3 (7.3, 7.4)

7.4 (7.2, 7.4)

<0.001

pCO2 (mmHg)

35 (28, 47)

35 (27, 52)

35 (29, 46)

0.208

SpO2 (mmHg)

70 (47, 101)

68 (43, 95)

72 (48, 103)

0.153

Severity of illness*

SOFA score

6.0 (4.0, 8.0)

6.0 (4.0, 8.0)

6.0 (4.0, 8.0)

0.287

  1. Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CLD, chronic liver disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; RAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; CCB, calcium channel blocker; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; PCT, procalcitonin; hsCRP, highly sensitive C-reactive protein; WBC, white blood cell; pCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide; SpO2, peripheral oxygen saturation; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment. *Variables are expressed as the median and IQR.
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