Table 5 Prognostic implication of PCT as a cut-off value on AKI development in patients with or without sepsis.

From: Association between acute kidney injury and serum procalcitonin levels and their diagnostic usefulness in critically ill patients

 

Crude

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

OR (95% CI), P

OR (95% CI), P

OR (95% CI), P

OR (95% CI), P

OR (95% CI), P

Total (N = 790)

PCT >0.315 ng/ml (N = 388)

2.054 (1.520–2.775) <0.001

2.035 (1.498–2.766), <0.001

2.069 (1.481–2.890), <0.001

2.019 (1.419–2.875), <0.001

1.912 (1.299–2.814), 0.001

No sepsis (N = 507)

PCT >0.315 ng/ml (N = 207)

1.751 (1.195–2.567) 0.004

1.761 (1.195–2.597) 0.004

1.754 (1.140–2.697), 0.011

1.692 (1.071–2.674), 0.024

1.798 (1.101–2.937), 0.019

Sepsis (N = 283)

PCT >0.315 ng/ml (N = 181)

2.405 (1.419–4.079) 0.001

2.372 (1.389–4.049) 0.002

2.634 (1.473–4.711), 0.001

3.031 (1.577–5.26), 0.001

2.422 (1.222–4.802), 0.011

  1. Model 1: adjusted for demographics (age >65, female sex).
  2. Model 2: adjusted for demographics, and comorbidities (model 1 + CKD, DM, HTN, CVD, CLD, COPD, and asthma).
  3. Model 3: adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, and AKI risk factors (model 2 + RAS blockers, inotropes, transfusion, ventilator, aminoglycosides, vancomycin, colistin, amphotericin, NSAID, contrast media, and chemotherapy).
  4. Model 4: adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, AKI risk factors, and laboratory findings (model 3 + Hb, hsCRP, albumin, WBC, and SOFA score).
  5. Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; PCT, procalcitonin; AKI, acute kidney injury; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CLD, chronic liver disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; RAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; CCB, calcium channel blocker; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; hsCRP, highly sensitive C-reactive protein; WBC, white blood cell; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.
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