Table 2 Phenotype measures by PER2 rs35333999 genotype and results from association testing for in-laboratory participants of European ancestry.

From: Chronotype Genetic Variant in PER2 is Associated with Intrinsic Circadian Period in Humans

Phenotype

n

Mean (SD)

n

Mean T Carriers

n

Mean Non-T Carriers

Beta (SE)

p

Age (years)

196

26.93 (11.16)

13

26.15 (5.11)

183

26.99 (11.48)

Sex (M/F)

196

126/70

13

8/5

183

118/65

MEQ score*

193

52.29 (12.14)

12

47.17 (15.27)

181

52.63 (11.88)

−3.87 (3.08)

0.210

CBT period (h)

63

24.16 (0.20)

6

24.34 (0.17)

57

24.14 (0.20)

0.20 (0.09)

0.030

MEL period (h)

57

24.17 (0.19)

5

24.34 (0.18)

52

24.15 (0.19)

0.19 (0.09)

0.039

CBT phase (clock h)

90

5:00 (2:07)

6

4:53 (1:58)

84

5:01 (2:08)

0.19 (0.91)

0.836

MEL phase (clock h)

102

22:25 (1:52)

5

22:49 (1:32)

97

22:24 (1:53)

0.67 (0.82)

0.415

CBT phase angle (h)

88

−3.19 (1.33)

6

−2.88 (1.08)

82

−3.22 (1.35)

0.55 (0.60)

0.360

MEL phase angle (h)

100

−9.49 (1.21)

5

−9.06 (1.10)

95

−9.51 (1.21)

0.57 (0.57)

0.304

Bedtime (clock h)

152

23:57 (1:27)

9

0:17 (1:44)

143

23:56 (1:26)

0.47 (0.47)

0.315

Wake time (clock h)

152

7:59 (1:27)

9

8:17 (1:41)

143

7:58 (1:26)

0.42 (0.47)

0.380

TIB duration (h)

152

8.04 (0.13)

9

7.99 (0.16)

143

8.05 (0.13)

−0.06 (0.05)

0.222

TIB midpoint (clock h)

152

3:58 (1:27)

9

4:17 (1:43)

143

3:57 (1:26)

0.44 (0.47)

0.346

  1. Phenotype means (standard deviation; SD) and the number of males/females are listed by rs35333999 genotype: T-allele carriers and non-T carriers. Beta and standard error (SE) derive from a genetic regression model showing per allelic effect of rs35333999 on circadian phenotypes, adjusted for age, sex and PCs. Significant results (p < 0.05) are shown in bold. Circadian phenotypes include MEQ; circadian period, circadian phase and phase angle of CBT and melatonin (MEL). Sleep timing measures include bedtime, wake time, time-in-bed duration (TIB), and midpoint of TIB. Sleep phenotypes included in this analysis were assessed using call-in data during a fixed 8-hour schedule maintained the week prior to admission. *A higher MEQ score reflects more morningness26.