Figure 4

MB and CLDI movement induced by ATC for cytotripsy. (A) Applied US pulses for cytotripsy. Pulse duration 500 ms, PRF 1 Hz, and acoustic pressure 0.07 MPa. Images show CLDI− containing peritoneal macrophage exposed to US with (+) and without (−) MB attached to integrin of the cells. Cell border is outlined in yellow, CLDI in pink, and blue arrow points to the MB. (B) Maximum MB displacements achieved during the first US pulse for control, soluble CFZ-treated, CLDI− and CLDI+ macrophages. Macrophages cultured with CLDIs without and with CLDI phagocytosis are denoted as CLDI− and CLDI+, respectively. (Mean ± S.E., n = 19–25 cells per group, lines showing p < 0.05, ANOVA). (C) Total angle of rotation vs. displacement of the center of mass of individual CLDI in macrophages with and without attached MBs. (D,E) Bar plot of individual CLDI displacements (D) and rotation angle (E) during the first US pulse for CLDI− containing macrophages with and without MBs. (Mean ± S.E., n = 69 and 111 for −MB + US and +MB + US groups respectively, lines showing p < 0.05, paired t test).