Table 1 Effect of ACC deaminase containing PGPR in combination with various rates of timber waste biochar (0BC, 1BC and 2BC) on gas exchange attributes under various levels of drought (D).

Control_{(No PGPR+No BC)}

35.9

22.0

16.0

24.6^G

1.84

1.12

0.70

1.22^D

35.7^e–l

21.7^m–p

6.70^r

21.4^H

L. adecarboxylata

44.1

32.6

17.7

31.5^FG

1.98

1.40

0.89

1.42^CD

39.8^d–j

24.5^l–p

8.71^qr

24.3^GH

A. fabrum

43.4

31.4

14.1

29.6^FG

2.07

1.79

1.02

1.63^BC

41.4^b–h

28.9^h–n

8.38^qr

26.2^GH

P. aeruginosa

46.7

38.0

21.2

35.3^D–F

2.12

1.76

1.03

1.64^BC

36.4^e–l

26.0^k–n

12.4^p–r

24.9^GH

B. amyloliquefaciens

46.9

38.2

27.4

37.5^C–F

2.11

1.80

1.08

1.66^BC

37.5^d–k

29.0^h–n

13.1°^–r

26.5^F–H

1BC

46.7

34.6

19.1

33.5^EF

2.24

1.87

0.84

1.65^BC

37.9^d–k

32.2^e–n

28.1^i–n

32.7^EF

L. adecarboxylata + 1BC

52.3

46.5

33.9

44.2^BC

2.36

1.84

1.33

1.84^AB

36.2^e–l

28.5^i–n

25.8^k–o

30.1^E–G

A. fabrum + 1BC

50.6

43.7

35.4

43.2^B–D

2.43

1.80

1.31

1.85^AB

37.4^d–l

27.6^j–n

20.1^n–q

28.4^FG

P. aeruginosa + 1BC

49.0

41.8

36.8

42.5^B–D

2.41

1.79

1.32

1.84^AB

39.2^d–j

35.8^e–l

32.2^e–n

35.7^DE

B. amyloliquefaciens + 1BC

48.3

43.3

33.6

41.7^B–E

2.42

1.91

1.36

1.90^AB

41.6^b–h

35.2^e–l

29.5^g–n

35.4^DE

2BC

52.5

45.2

37.9

45.2^BC

2.40

1.89

1.39

1.89^AB

55.8^a

44.9^a–e

39.9^d–j

46.9^A–C

L. adecarboxylata + 2BC

47.6

43.8

36.2

42.5^B–D

2.40

2.03

1.32

1.92^AB

55.7^a

40.5^c–i

33.8^e–m

43.4^BC

A. fabrum + 2BC

50.5

49.9

34.1

44.8^BC

2.34

2.08

1.24

1.88^AB

53.9^ab

37.2^d–l

31.8^f–n

41.0^CD

P. aeruginosa + 2BC

54.3

49.5

39.3

47.7^AB

2.40

2.19

1.54

2.04^A

55.0^a

49.6^a–d

41.9^b–g

48.8^AB

B. amyloliquefaciens + 2BC

62.9

58.6

39.4

53.6^A

2.32

2.27

1.73

2.11^A

55.3^a

53.3^a–c

44.2^a–f

50.9^A

°ME (D)

48.8^A

41.3^B

29.5^C

2.26^A

1.84^B

1.21^C

43.9^A

34.3^B

25.1^C