Table 2 Multivariable logistic regression analyses with periodontitis case definitions, obesity, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and hypertension as outcomes.

From: Lewis and AB0 blood group-phenotypes in periodontitis, cardiovascular disease, obesity and stroke

Risk factor (OR (CI 95%))

Severe periodontitis

CAL-tertile

Hypertension

IHD (self reported)

Stroke (self reported)

Obesity (BMI ≥ 30)

Blood group A positive

1.26 (0.73–2.16)

0.66 (0.42–1.02)

1.08 (0.76–1.53)

0.70 (0.19–2.37)

0.35 (0.06–1.61)

0.85 (0.48–1.47)

Blood group B positive

0.70 (0.35–1.35)

1.25 (0.74–2.10)

0.98 (0.63–1.53)

0.86 (0.19–3.24)

0.53 (0.06–2.98)

0.72 (0.35–1.42)

Lewis negative (a−b−)

1.40 (0.67–2.86)

1.42 (0.75–2.64)

0.69 (0.4–1.14)

N.A.

22.28 (4.72–131.63)

0.77 (0.32–1.70)

Age (decades)

2.77 (1.13–6.86)

2.01 (0.98–4.12)

2.69 (1.53–4.78)

0.95 (0.09–10.02)

37.04 (4.94–446.68)

1.71 (0.68–4.29)

Gender (Men)

0.69 (0.34–1.42)

1.39 (0.78–2.49)

1.29 (0.82–2.04)

2.58 (0.38–26.56)

0.63 (0.15–3.02)

0.90 (0.43–1.99)

Previous smoking

1.50 (0.77–3.00)

2.60 (1.57–4.40)

1.31 (0.89–1.92)

0.38 (0.06–2.08)

1.87 (0.45–9.01)

0.68 (0.38–1.22)

Present smoking

2.99 (1.47–6.23)

4.92 (2.76–8.92)

1.06 (0.65–1.72)

2.87 (0.65–14.77)

1.52 (0.19–11.11)

0.37 (0.16–0.81)

Alcohol abstaining

0.43 (0.16–1.06)

1.22 (0.60–2.41)

0.95 (0.52–1.7)

1.39 (0.25–6.66)

3.60 (0.47–23.83)

0.99 (0.39–2.33)

Drinks per week: 8–14 (women)/15–21 (men)

0.76 (0.36–1.53)

1.04 (0.58–1.83)

0.8 (0.5–1.28)

0.56 (0.03–4.00)

0.40 (0.02–3.03)

1.16 (0.54–2.36)

Drinks per week: >14 (women)/>21 (men)

1.08 (0.54–2.09)

1.04 (0.58–1.82)

1.27 (0.81–2)

3.47 (0.81–15.83)

2.50 (0.52–11.51)

1.21 (0.59–2.45)

Social class I

1.90 (0.73–4.75)

0.97 (0.42–2.12)

1.43 (0.78–2.61)

N.A.

1.54 (0.13–12.83)

1.95 (0.70–5.10)

Social class III

0.89 (0.45–1.74)

1.39 (0.82–2.38)

1.43 (0.93–2.2)

0.99 (0.23–4.20)

0.89 (0.14–5.53)

1.73 (0.86–3.55)

Social class IV

1.06 (0.50–2.22)

1.47 (0.80–2.67)

1.34 (0.82–2.19)

N.A.

0.78 (0.09–5.33)

2.39 (1.10–5.20)

Social class V

1.70 (0.56–4.83)

1.03 (0.39–2.59)

2.37 (1.14–4.99)

3.82 (0.43–27.12)

N.A.

2.50 (0.82–7.06)

Transfer income

1.17 (0.41–3.18)

1.09 (0.46–2.48)

1.66 (0.83–3.31)

5.65 (1.18–28.90)

5.84 (0.57–59.96)

1.58 (0.53–4.36)

Diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%)

0.67 (0.21–1.99)

1.58 (0.62–3.90)

2.07 (0.92–4.85)

7.09 (1.31–40.35)

N.A.

3.36 (1.38–8.10)

Cholesterol (mmol/l)

1.27 (0.63–2.55)

0.99 (0.56–1.73)

0.94 (0.6–1.47)

0.90 (0.15–4.49)

0.76 (0.10–5.04)

1.02 (0.49–2.08)

High sensitivity-C-reactive protein (mg/l)

1.01 (0.92–1.07)

0.99 (0.92–1.05)

1.07 (1.01–1.14)

0.85 (0.57–1.07)

0.91 (0.73–1.08)

1.22 (1.13–1.31)

Low density-lipoprotein (mmol/l)

0.72 (0.34–1.51)

0.92 (0.50–1.68)

1.1 (0.68–1.79)

0.68 (0.12–3.91)

0.20 (0.02–1.61)

1.16 (0.53–2.53)

High density-lipoprotein (mmol/l)

0.64 (0.24–1.67)

0.62 (0.28–1.38)

0.93 (0.49–1.73)

0.35 (0.03–4.22)

1.23 (0.10–11.52)

0.28 (0.09–0.84)

Triglyceride (mmol/l)

1.04 (0.78–1.39)

1.05 (0.82–1.34)

1.22 (0.99–1.51)

0.75 (0.35–1.55)

1.22 (0.58–2.62)

1.46 (1.10–1.95)

  1. CAL-tertile; Clinical Attachment Level-tertile case criterium (REF). BMI; Body Mass Index (defined as weight (kg)/height squared (m2)), IHD; Ischaemic Heart Disease; Hypertension; self-reported or measured hypertension (diastolic pressure ≥ 100 mmHg or systolic pressure ≥ 150 mmHg), Actual ages were divided by ten (decades). OR; Odds ratio, CI 95%; 95% confidence interval. Statistically significant associations are marked in bold (P ≤ 0.05).