Figure 5

(A) PCN induced intracellular ROS accumulation in 24 h biofilm of C. albicans MTCC 227 measured by DCF-DA fluorometric assay. Percentage of intracellular ROS accumulation is directly proportional to fluorescence units. Amount of intracellular ROS accumulation by PCN was slightly higher than that of Miconazole at 3.9 µg mL⁻¹ (17.47 µM). (B) Amount of intracellular ROS accumulation induced by native MSNPs (500 µg mL⁻¹) in C. albicans MTCC 227, where MSNPs did not induce detectable intracellular ROS accumulation; (C) PCN at 3.9 µg mL⁻¹ (17.47 µM) induced intracellular ROS accumulation in 24 h biofilms of S. aureus MTCC 96 and S. aureus MLS-16 MTCC 2940 measured by NBT assay. Percentage of intracellular ROS accumulation is directly proportional to absorbance recorded. (D) Amount of intracellular ROS accumulation induced by native MSNPs (500 µg mL⁻¹) in both Staphylococcus biofilms. In the Fig. 5A,C, * indicates a statistical significance (p = 0.0001, α = 0.05) in ROS accumulation of treatment groups, by one way ANOVA.