Table 1 Methylation in relation to life stage and sex. Linear mixed models of methylation at the six loci in relation to life stage (adult vs nestling) and sex. In the models we included year, colony and family as random effects. The interaction term between life stage and sex was removed when its effect was statistically non-significant before FDR. Thus, for example, the main effects of life stage and sex on clock poly-Q methylation are computed while excluding from the model the interaction effect, as indicated by the asterisk. See Fig. 2 for mean within-group values. n = sample size.

From: Inter-generational resemblance of methylation levels at circadian genes and associations with phenology in the barn swallow