Table 1 Child characteristics and associations with outcomes.
All | % | SROSC | p | STHD | p | PCPC ≤ 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | |||||
N = 152 | N = 53 | N = 99 | N = 21 | N = 131 | N = 7 | N = 14 | ||||
Demographic and prevention | ||||||||||
Age (y/o) | ||||||||||
<1(n/all) | 72/152 | 47.4 | 30/53 | 42/99 | 14/21 | 58/131 | 7/7 | 7/14 | ||
1~6(n/all) | 43/152 | 28.3 | 13/53 | 30/99 | 2/21 | 41/131 | 0 | 2/14 | ||
7~12(n/all) | 21/152 | 13.8 | 5/53 | 11/99 | 2/21 | 19/131 | 0 | 2/14 | ||
13~18(n/all) | 16/152 | 10.5 | 5/53 | 16/99 | 0.37 | 3/21 | 13/131 | 0.17 | 0 | 3/14 |
Gender | ||||||||||
Male (n/all) | 84/152 | 55.3 | 32/53 | 52/99 | 0.39 | 10/21 | 74/131 | 3/7 | 7/14 | |
Female (n/all) | 68/152 | 44.7 | 21/53 | 47/99 | 0.39 | 11/21 | 57/131 | 0.48 | 4/7 | 7/14 |
Pre-existing condition | ||||||||||
Yes (n/all) | 56/152 | 36.8 | 23/53 | 33/99 | 10/21 | 46/131 | 3/7 | 7/14 | ||
No (n/all) | 96/152 | 63.2 | 30/53 | 66/99 | 0.29 | 11/21 | 85/131 | 0.33 | 4/7 | 7/14 |
Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) | ||||||||||
Witnessed of OHCA | ||||||||||
Yes (n/all) | 64/152 | 42.1 | 36/53 | 28/99 | 17/21 | 47/131 | 7/7 | 10/14 | ||
No (n/all) | 88/152 | 57.9 | 17/53 | 71/99 | <0.05 | 4/21 | 84/131 | <0.05 | 0/7 | 4/14 |
Bystander CPR | ||||||||||
Yes (n/all) | 15/152 | 9.9 | 9/53 | 6/99 | 1/21 | 14/131 | 1/7 | 0 | ||
No (n/all) | 137/152 | 90.1 | 44/53 | 93/99 | 0.045 | 20/21 | 117/131 | 0.69 | 6/7 | 14/14 |
Prompt access to the emergency response system | ||||||||||
Sent by EMS (n/all) | 80/152 | 52.6 | 25/53 | 55/99 | 10/21 | 70/131 | 3/7 | 7/14 | ||
Sent by caretaker (n/all) | 72/152 | 47.4 | 28/53 | 44/99 | 0.39 | 11/21 | 61/131 | 0.64 | 4/7 | 7/14 |
EMS advanced airway | n = 62 | n = 16 | n = 46 | n = 8 | n = 54 | |||||
Yes (n/all) | 12 | 19.4 | 2/16 | 10/46 | 2/8 | 10/54 | ||||
No (n/all) | 50 | 80.6 | 14/16 | 32/46 | 0.71 | 6/8 | 44/54 | 0.64 | ||
Rapid pediatric advanced life support (PALS) | ||||||||||
Pediatrician | ||||||||||
Yes (n/all) | 107/152 | 70.4 | 43/53 | 64/99 | 19/21 | 88/131 | 7/7 | 12/14 | ||
No (n/all) | 45/152 | 20.6 | 10/53 | 35/99 | 0.041 | 2/21 | 43/131 | <0.05 | 0 | 2/14 |
Shift | ||||||||||
Day shift (n/all) (7 A.M. to 7 P.M.) | 89/152 | 58.6 | 33/53 | 56/99 | 14/21 | 75/131 | 5/7 | 9/14 | ||
Night shift (7 P.M. to 7 A.M) (n/all) | 63/152 | 41.4 | 20/53 | 43/99 | 0.6 | 7/21 | 56/131 | 0.48 | 2/7 | 5/14 |
ED CPR | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||||
ED Epinephrine doses | 8.79 ± 6.21 (n = 151) | 3.85 ± 3.68 (n = 52) | 11.38 ± 5.68 (n = 99) | <0.05 | 2.14 ± 2.81 (n = 21) | 9.86 ± 5.94 (n = 130) | <0.05 | |||
First epinephrine time (min) at ED | 2.92 ± 3.12 (n = 142) | 3 ± 3.25 (n = 43) | 2.9 ± 3.08 (n = 99) | 0.86 | 2.64 ± 3.91 (n = 14) | 2.96 ± 3.04 (n = 128) | 0.71 | |||
ED CPR interval (min) | 32.66 ± 20.71 (n = 152) | 17.3 ± 16.39 (n = 53) | 40.89 ± 17.96 (n = 99) | <0.05 | 9.76 ± 9.57 (n = 21) | 36.34 ± 19.65 (n = 131) | <0.05 | |||
