Table 1 Baseline characteristics in patients and healthy controls (n = 295) enrolled in a prospective observational study on amino acid derangements in severe falciparum malaria in Bangladesh.
From: Amino acid derangements in adults with severe falciparum malaria
Severe Malaria (n = 88) | Uncomplicated Malaria (n = 71) | SIRS/Sepsis (n = 88) | Healthy Controls (n = 48) | p value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 28 | (19 to 40) | 29 | (22 to 45) | 35 | (23 to 54) | 29 | (23.5 to 35) | 0.016 |
Female sex | 32 | 36 | 19 | 27 | 37 | 42 | 19 | 40 | 0.172 |
BMI | 21 | (19 to 24) | 21 | (19 to 24) | 22 | (20 to 25) | 24 | (21 to 26) | 0.004 |
Duration of illness (days) | 8 | (7 to 10) | 8 | (6 to 11) | 9 | (5 to 14) | — | — | 0.01 |
Anorexia before enrolment (days) | 8 | (6 to 10) | 7 | (5 to 11) | 7 | (4 to 14) | — | — | 0.025 |
Mortality | 26 | (30%) | 0 | — | 20 | (23%) | 0 | — | <0.001 |
Clinical examination | |||||||||
Temperature (°C) | 38.3 | (37.3 to 39.1) | 37.4 | (37 to 38.4) | 38.4 | (38 to 38.9) | 36.6 | (36.3 to 36.8) | <0.001 |
Coma depth* | 9 | (7 to 14) | 15 | (15 to 15) | 15 | (11 to 15) | 15 | (15 to 15) | <0.001 |
Pulse rate (per minute) | 110 | (96 to 130) | 98 | (89 to 109) | 107 | (92 to 120) | 82 | (73 to 88) | <0.001 |
Respiratory rate (per minute) | 34 | (28 to 42) | 24 | (24 to 28) | 32 | (26 to 39) | 18 | (16 to 20) | <0.001 |
Oxygen saturation (%) | 96 | (95 to 97) | 97 | (96 to 98) | 96 | (94 to 98) | 98 | (97 to 98) | <0.001 |
Mean arterial blood pressure (mm Hg) | 81 | (72 to 88) | 78 | (71 to 84) | 85 | (77 to 98) | 93 | (89 to 97) | <0.001 |
Laboratory assessments | |||||||||
Parasitaemia (parasites per µL)† | 46705 | (25541 to 85406) | 4321 | (1901 to 9819) | 0 | — | 0 | — | <0.001 |
PfHPR2 (ng/dL)† | 4165 | (3101 to 5594) | 640 | (426 to 962) | 0 | — | 0 | — | <0.001 |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 6.6 | (5.2 to 8.3) | 6.6 | (5.6 to 7.9) | 7 | (6.1 to 9.4) | 5.8 | (5.2 to 6.3) | <0.001 |
Sodium (mmol/L | 135 | (131 to 139) | 135 | (132 to 138) | 134 | (130 to 138) | 140 | (139 to 141) | <0.001 |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 3.9 | (3.5 to 4.3) | 3.4 | (3.3 to 3.6) | 3.5 | (3.2 to 3.9) | 3.7 | (3.5 to 3.9) | <0.001 |
Chloride (mmol/L) | 105 | (100 to 110) | 103 | (98.5 to 106) | 98.5 | (94.8 to 103) | 103 | (102 to 105) | <0.001 |
Creatinine (µmol/L) | 122 | (82 to 317) | 82 | (65 to 103) | 75.5 | (57.5 to 113.3) | 72.5 | (57.8 to 81.3) | <0.001 |
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 40 | (25 to 78) | 16 | (11 to 25) | 11.5 | (7 to 21.3) | 8 | (5.8 to 10) | <0.001 |
Haemoglobin (g/L) | 83 | (64 to 108) | 97 | (78 to 115.8) | 118 | (104 to 133) | 134 | (120 to 148) | <0.001 |
White blood cells (x 103/µL) | 9.1 | (6.6 to 12.8) | 6 | (4.6 to 7.9) | 11.1 | (7 to 15) | 7.7 | (6.3 to 8.8) | <0.001 |
Platelets (x 103/µL) | 32 | (19 to 47) | 47 | (35 to 96) | 200 | (121 to 277) | 228 | (191 to 289) | <0.001 |
pH | 7.39 | (7.35 to 7.44) | 7.43 | (7.39 to 7.46) | 7.42 | (7.38 to 7.45) | 7.37 | (7.35 to 7.39) | <0.001 |
pCO2 (mm Hg) | 31 | (27 to 34) | 35 | (31 to 36) | 34 | (31 to 39) | 47 | (42 to 52) | <0.001 |
HCO3- (mmol/L) | 18.8 | (16.3 to 21.1) | 22.5 | (20.7 to 25) | 22.9 | (20.1 to 25.1) | 26.7 | (24.9 to 28.6) | <0.001 |
Plasma SBD (mmol/L) | 6 | (3 to 10) | 1.5 | (−1 to 4) | 1 | (−0.3 to 5) | −1 | (−3 to 0) | <0.001 |
Anion gap (mmol/L) | 16 | (14 to 18.8) | 15 | (13 to 16) | 17 | (15 to 19) | 16 | (14 to 17) | <0.001 |
L-lactate (mmol/L) | 3.1 | (2 to 4.8) | 1.5 | (1.1 to 1.8) | 1.5 | (1.1 to 2) | 1.3 | (1.1 to 1.6) | <0.001 |
