Figure 5

The experimental setup. The pumps are assigned with numbers of 1 to 4 which are related to mineral oil, water, the right side of cross-junction and the left side of cross-junction, respectively. The top highlighted area shows the cross-junction microchannel design used for droplet actuation. The bottom highlighted area shows static contact angle of fluids with PDMS; Left, middle and right are water, FC-40 and mineral oil, respectively.