Table 1 In vitro urease Inhibition, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicity of synthetic compounds 3–27.

Compounds	R	Urease Inhibition Activity IC₅₀ ± SEM^a µM	Anti-Inflammatory Activity IC₅₀ ± SD^b µg/mL	Cytotoxicity (3T3 Cell line) IC₅₀ ± SD^b µM
3		Inactive^c	Inactive	>30
4		38.8 ± 0.35	Inactive	>30
5		36.5 ± 0.14	18.5 ± 1.0	>30
6		Insoluble	Inactive	>30
7		46.3 ± 0.43	Inactive	>30
8		44.4 ± 0.43	Inactive	>30
9		14.2 ± 1.38	26.7 ± 2.5	>30
10		15.7 ± 1.32	Inactive	>30
11		13.2 ± 1.64	Inactive	>30
12		12.3 ± 1.04	27.7 ± 2.4	>30
13		13.6 ± 1.61	Inactive	>30
14		35.8 ± 1.89	Inactive	>30
15		34.1 ± 0.45	Inactive	>30
16		21.5 ± 1.3	29.7 ± 1.7	>30
17		14.7 ± 1.01	36.9 ± 3.0	>30
18		26.3 ± 1.59	Inactive	29.5 ± 1.9
19		12.7 ± 0.8	Inactive	>30
20		22.0 ± 1.15	Inactive	>30
21		28.2 ± 1.48	Inactive	>30
22		22.1 ± 1.91	25.1 ± 0.4	>30
23		22.4 ± 1.83	12.3 ± 1.2	>30
24		63.2 ± 2.0	Inactive	>30
25		Insoluble	Inactive	>30
26		46.8 ± 1.8	25.4 ± 1.3	>30
27		Insoluble^d	Inactive	>30
28	Isoniazid(1)	Inactive	Inactive	28.5 ± 1.2
29	Thiourea (Standard)	21.1 ± 0.2 (Observed)	—	—
30	Aetohydaoxamic acid (standard)	20.3 ± 0.4 (Observed) 17.2 ± 0.9 (Reported)
31	Ibuprofen (Standard)	—	11.2 ± 1.9 (observed) 12.97 ± 0.23 (reported)	—
32	Cyclohexanamide (Standard)	—	—	0.8 ± 0.2 (observed) 0.26 ± 0.04 (reported)

SEM^a is the standard error of the mean, SD^b is the standard deviation, and Insoluble^d refers to those analogue which are partially soluble in HPLC methanol used in the protocol of in vitro urease inhibition activity.
Compounds showed <50% inhibition were considered as inactive.
For Urease enzyme inhibition activity, screening concentration was 0.5 mM.
For ROS inhibition assay screening concentration was 25 µg/mL.
Note: All data were presented as mean ± standard deviation/standard error of the mean of three independent experiments where each sample was run in triplicate. The IC₅₀ values were obtained using three concentrations of test compound, and were calculated using Excel Based Program.

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