Table 1 Summary of trials on cauliflower.

Planting date^a	Location^b	Cultivar^c	Sowing within rows^d	Insecticidal treatments within each trial^e
Planting date^a	Location^b	Cultivar^c	Sowing within rows^d	Control	VF-5	VF-10	VF-15	NA-7	NA-14	NSE-7	NSE-14
16^th July 2015	Multan (MK)	Sathra	Single	⦁	⦁	⦁	⦁	⦁	—	⦁	—
2^nd October 2015	Multan (MK)	White Excel	Double	⦁	⦁	⦁	⦁	⦁	—	⦁	—
19^th January 2016	Multan (MK)	Twingo	Double	⦁	⦁	⦁	⦁	⦁	⦁	⦁	⦁
2^nd December 2016^f	Multan (BZU)	Smilla	Double	⦁	⦁	⦁	⦁	⦁	—	⦁	—
12^th September 2015	Bahawalpur	5340	Double	⦁	⦁	⦁	⦁	⦁	—	⦁	—
11^th December 2015^g	Bahawalpur	Smilla	Double	⦁	—	—	—	⦁	⦁	⦁	⦁
5^th January 2016^f	Bahawalpur	Hansa	Double	⦁	⦁	⦁	⦁	⦁	⦁	⦁	⦁
12^th August 2016	Bahawalpur	Sathra	Single	⦁	⦁	⦁	⦁	⦁	—	⦁	—
21^st August 2016	Bahawalpur	Sathra	Single	⦁	⦁	⦁	⦁	⦁	—	⦁	—
17^th September 2016	Bahawalpur	White Excel	Double	⦁	⦁	⦁	⦁	⦁	—	⦁	—

^aTwo further crops were planted in Multan on 3^rd July 2016 and 3^rd January 2017 but could not continue due to extremely low pest numbers in the first and flooding of seedlings in the second.
^bMK = Moza Kayaanpur, BZU = Bahauddin Zakariya University.
^cCultivars planted at a given time of year were the varieties favoured by local farmers: variation in cultivar and in sowing date are thus largely confounded.
^dSathra was planted singly due to being a large-plant cultivar.
^eControl = replicates not sprayed with any insecticides; VF = Voliam Flexi, replicates sprayed every 5^th, 10^th or 15^th day; NA = NeemAzal, sprayed every 7^th or 14^th day, NSE = Neem seed extract, sprayed every 7^th or 14^th day. (⦁) = treatment included in trial, (—) = treatment not included in trial.
^fIn these trials aphids and lepidopterans appeared simultaneously, so plots which were scheduled to be sprayed with VF (against lepidopterans) every 5^th, 10^th or 15^th day were also sprayed with imidacloprid (against aphids) every 7^th, 14^th or 21^st day, respectively.
^gIn this trial aphids but no lepidopterans were present, so plots which had been scheduled to be sprayed with VF every 5^th, 10^th or 15^th day were instead sprayed with imidacloprid every 7^th, 14^th or 21^st day, respectively.

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