Table 1 Performance comparison of the developed valve with other actively controlled valves regarding energy source, driver, pressure resistance, and response time (“n/r” denotes “not reported”).
From: A valve powered by earthworm muscle with both electrical and 100% chemical control
Control method | Reference | Driver | Pressure resistance (kPa) | Response time (s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Elctrical | This study | Earthworm | 3.0 | 3 |
29 | Piezo (Bimorph) | 3.0 | 0.1 | |
30 | Electroactive polymer | 4.0 | 0.7 | |
Chemical | This study | Earthworm | 1.5 | 42 |
31 | Hydrogel (pH) | n/r | 8 | |
32 | Hydrogel (pH) | 39 | n/r | |
Pnumatic | 33 | Air | 60 | 0.01 |
Optical | 34 | Poly(N-isopropylamide) | n/r | 5 |
35 | Poly(N-isopropylamide) | 10 | 30 | |
Magnetic | 36 | Permanent magnet | 200 | 0.05 |
37 | PDMS-iron | n/r | n/r | |
Thermal | 38 | PDMS-silver | 200 | 23 |
39 | Polyurethane | 200 | 10 | |
40 | Polyethylene glycol | 10 | 60 | |
41 | Thermo responsive fluid | 10 | 7–80 |
