Figure 2
From: In-situ detection based on the biofilm hydrophilicity for environmental biofilm formation
Biofilm formation in the bioreactor. Photographs (A) show crystal violet stained surfaces with respect to the incubation time of 0 (initial state), 7, 14, 21, and 28 d. PS, polystyrene; VGP, vacuum gas plasma-treated. The yellow dashed line surrounds the area showing biofilm detachment. The black bar indicates 1 cm. Graphs (B,C) show the time-series of average stain densities and percent ratios of stained area per unit area, respectively. Data points and error bars represent means and standard deviations, respectively (N = 5). Graphs (D,E) show the data at 0 and 14 d. Bars and error bars represent means and standard deviations, respectively (N = 5). Symbols: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; and ***p < 0.001 for each indicated combination. All original data are available in Supplementary Information 5.
