Table 1 Spatio-temporal variables, impacts in time domain and frequency on three surfaces of artificial turf at different speeds in football players.
ATS 1 (1) | ATS 2 (2) | ATS 3 (3) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3.3 m/s (12 km/h) | 4 m/s (14.4 km/h) | Vmax | 3.3 m/s (12 km/h) | 4 m/s (14.4 km/h) | Vmax | 3.3 m/s (12 km/h) | 4 m/s (14.4 km/h) | Vmax | |
Spatio-temporal | |||||||||
TPTA (ms) | 21.06 ± 1.96c | 20.98 ± 2.00c | 24.00 ± 3.07c | 21.15 ± 1.53c | 21.66 ± 1.31c | 22.97 ± 1.61c | 28.73 ± 2.05a,b | 29.71 ± 1.78a,b | 31.43 ± 4.56a,b |
TPHA (ms) | 21.17 ± 1.95c | 21.10 ± 2.00c | 24.06 ± 3.07c | 21.29 ± 1.50c | 21.77 ± 1.32c | 23.03 ± 1.60c | 28.88 ± 2.06a,b | 29.85 ± 1.78a,b | 31.53 ± 4.59a,b |
Stride Time (ms) | 705.35 ± 40.42c | 684.68 ± 36.58c | 552.35 ± 57.68c | 694.63 ± 33.15c | 679.32 ± 45.41c | 543.56 ± 43.22c | 983.53 ± 68.32a,b | 947.50 ± 34.91a,b | 735.00 ± 11.94a,b |
Stride length (m) | 2.33 ± 0.15 | 2.74 ± 0.16 | 3.06 ± 0.64 | 2.32 ± 0.14 | 2.84 ± 0.74 | 3.16 ± 0.59 | 2.36 ± 0.14 | 2.68 ± 0.11 | 3.31 ± 0.07 |
Stride frequency (Hz) | 1.80 ± 0.11 | 1.86 ± 0.18 | 2.29 ± 0.18 | 1.81 ± 0.13 | 1.84 ± 0.11 | 2.39 ± 0.19 | 1.77 ± 0.11 | 1.82 ± 0.07 | 2.47 ± 0.22 |
Time impacts | |||||||||
Tibia Acc Rate (g/ms) | 0.56 ± 0.26c | 0.76 ± 0.30 | 1.26 ± 0.20 | 0.60 ± 0.39c | 0.75 ± 0.46 | 1.54 ± 0.46 | 0.25 ± 0.07a,b | 0.57 ± 0.41 | 1.39 ± 0.09 |
Head Acc Rate (g/ms) | 0.09 ± 0.03 | 0.12 ± 0.06c | 0.32 ± 0.16c | 0.09 ± 0.04 | 0.09 ± 0.04 | 0.26 ± 0.09 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.01a | 0.21 ± 0.07a |
Satt (%) | 63.00 ± 4.97 | 64.25 ± 4.40 | 62.13 ± 13.35 | 63.22 ± 6.68 | 63.69 ± 3.79 | 66.19 ± 5.02 | 67.36 ± 7.17 | 67.19 ± 4.10 | 63.86 ± 6.87 |
TPM (g) | 9.68 ± 1.79 | 10.79 ± 2.10 | 16.01 ± 1.73 | 9.10 ± 2.10 | 10.15 ± 2.23 | 14.34 ± 1.89 | 8.63 ± 1.87 | 10.42 ± 2.33 | 14.16 ± 1.90 |
HPM (g) | 2.74 ± 0.49c | 2.95 ± 0.59 | 4.06 ± 0.65 | 2.77 ± 0.49c | 2.95 ± 0.52 | 3.88 ± 0.75 | 2.16 ± 0.46a,b | 2.51 ± 0.54 | 3.78 ± 0.38 |
Frequency impacts | |||||||||
TSMlow (g2/Hz) | 0.34 ± 0.08 | 0.50 ± 0.15 | 4.16 ± 1.34 | 0.31 ± 0.08 | 0.48 ± 0.14 | 4.56 ± 1.35 | 0.37 ± 0.10 | 0.55 ± 0.06 | 4.00 ± 1.04 |
TSMhigh (g2/Hz) | 0.55 ± 0.22 | 0.75 ± 0.27 | 2.57 ± 0.90 | 0.44 ± 0.15 | 0.63 ± 0.17 | 2.41 ± 1.10 | 0.41 ± 0.13 | 0.59 ± 0.22 | 2.17 ± 0.17 |
HSMlow (g2/Hz) | 0.44 ± 0.08 | 0.47 ± 0.10 | 0.16 ± 0.14 | 0.42 ± 0.08 | 0.46 ± 0.10 | 0.15 ± 0.08 | 0.39 ± 0.06 | 0.44 ± 0.08 | 0.12 ± 0.05 |
HSMhigh (g2/Hz) | 0.06 ± 0.03 | 0.06 ± 0.03 | 0.31 ± 0.17 | 0.05 ± 0.03 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.25 ± 0.13 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.06 ± 0.03 | 0.22 ± 0.11 |
ATTlow (dB) | −17.20 ± 18.41 | −21.70 ± 16.18 | −84.21 ± 28.33 | −18.11 ± 18.41 | −20.95 ± 14.85 | −89.93 ± 18.47 | −16.02 ± 7.94 | −22.61 ± 11.96 | −90.82 ± 13.45 |
ATThigh (dB) | −125.02 ± 23.07 | −148.75 ± 36.24 | −118.79 ± 26.59 | −122.07 ± 26.66 | −137.91 ± 22.61 | −115.96 ± 28.21 | −134.35 ± 29.28 | −139.86 ± 19.21 | −109.87 ± 15.43 |