Figure 2

Antiviral activity of manassantin B against coxsackievirus B3 in vivo. BALB/c mice (n = 5/group) were intraperitoneally infected with a 1 × 10⁶ pfu/100 µL of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and administered manassantin B (Man B) (2.5 mg/kg), ribavirin (10 mg/kg), or vehicle (Veh) (0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose). (a) Body weight was measured for 5 days. Results are shown as means ± SEM of 3 independent experiments. ⁺⁺P < 0.01 for comparison with CVB3/Veh and CVB3/Ribavirin; *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 for comparison with CVB3/Veh and CVB3/Man B, Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test (ANOVA). Mice were infected with 1 × 10⁶ pfu/100 µL of CVB3. After 5 days of infection, the level of chemokines and cytokines was analysed by ELISA. Levels of (b) TNF-α, (c) IL-6, (d) IFN-γ, (e) CCL2, and (f) CXCL-1 in serum isolated from control mice, vehicle-treated, CVB3-infected mice (Veh), manassantin B-treated, CVB3-infected mice, or ribavirin-treated, CVB3-infected mice. Data represent the mean values of five mice per group. Results are shown as means ± SEM of 3 independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test (ANOVA).