Figure 4

Antiviral activity of mitochondrial electron transport chain complex inhibitors against coxsackievirus B3 in vitro. Electron transport chain complex inhibitors rotenone (complex I inhibitor), antimycin A (complex III inhibitor), potassium cyanide (complex IV inhibitor), and oligomycin (complex V inhibitor) were evaluated for their antiviral activity against coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) in Vero cells. Vero cells were infected with CVB3 in the presence or absence of 0.08, 0.4, and 2 µg/mL of (a) rotenone, (b) antimycin A, (c) potassium cyanide, or (d) oligomycin for 48 h. Data are presented as means ± SEM of 3 independent experiments. +++P < 0.001 for comparison with non-infected control group (Ctrl); ***P < 0.001 for comparison with CVB3-infected vehicle group (Veh), Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test (ANOVA).