Figure 1

RADARSAT-2 image from 26 May 2015 showing the sea ice distribution in the study area north of Svalbard with the drift track of Floe 3 (white line) superimposed. The regional survey by helicopter 60 km north and 50 km east, south and west of R/V Lance on 19 and 20 May, respectively, are shown in yellow. The yellow rectangle indicates the area covered by an ALOS-2 radar scene that was used to classify ice types in a wider area around R/V Lance on 18 May (see Supplementary section 2). Inset is an aerial photo of the study site on Floe 3, showing a part of the refrozen lead and the area where divers took slurp samples from the ice-water interface, and the approximate position of the ice coring transects. RADARSAT-2 image provided by NSC/KSAT under the Norwegian-Canadian RADARSAT agreement. RADARSAT-2 Data and Products © Maxar Technologies Ltd (2015). All Rights Reserved. RADARSAT is an official mark of the Canadian Space Agency. The inset aerial image was taken on 23 May 2015 by V. Kustov and S. Semenov of the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia.