Figure 2

Timeline of the observations of M. rubrum in YI, at the ice-water interface and the underlying water column, with the sampling methods indicated. Divers took samples from the ice-water interface with the slurp gun. Sea ice diatoms became dominating in the ice algal community after 20 May. In addition to M. rubrum various flagellates were present in the water column. See Kauko et al.13 for a detailed description of the ice-algal succession and Assmy et al.25 for a description of an under-ice bloom of Phaeocystis pouchetii in the water column starting around 25 May.