Table 1 Relative concentrations and fold changes of significant metabolites in the leaves of C. spinarum under different levels of watering treatments.

From: Differential metabolic responses of shrubs and grasses to water additions in arid karst region, southwestern China

Metabolite groups	RT	Metabolites	Relative concentration				Fold changes			p
Metabolite groups	RT	Metabolites	CK	T1	T2	T3	FC^T1/CK	FC^T2/CK	FC^T3/CK	p
Amino acids	10.17	Alanine	1.06 ± 0.45	2.41 ± 1.15	4.08 ± 0.72	12.45 ± 3.24	1.18	1.94	3.55*	0.002
	21.43	GABA	3.52 ± 0.44	5.43 ± 0.66	5.46 ± 0.49	5.59 ± 0.69	0.63*	0.64*	0.67*	0.046
	22.58	Glutamic acid	5.14 ± 0.59	4.73 ± 0.86	3.37 ± 0.39	6.77 ± 1.05	−0.12	−0.61	0.40	0.046
	26.73	Homoserine	2.76 ± 0.79	5.94 ± 0.88	5.82 ± 0.48	5.48 ± 0.39	1.10*	1.07*	0.99*	0.006
	14.48	Serine	2.72 ± 0.60	5.14 ± 0.69	5.31 ± 0.71	6.82 ± 1.23	0.92	0.96	1.32*	0.010
	21.95	Threonine	6.36 ± 0.40	4.80 ± 0.75	4.04 ± 0.32	4.80 ± 0.24	−0.41*	−0.65*	−0.41*	0.029
	32.54	Valine	9.47 ± 1.93	5.55 ± 1.59	3.35 ± 1.02	1.63 ± 0.56	−0.77	−1.50*	−2.54*	0.009
Organic acids	24.23	2,4,5-Trihydroxy pentanoic acid	4.46 ± 0.43	4.20 ± 0.49	4.96 ± 0.36	6.38 ± 0.55	−0.09	0.15	0.52*	0.03
	27.32	4-Coumaric acid	5.27 ± 0.63	5.79 ± 0.31	5.41 ± 0.37	3.54 ± 0.48	0.14	0.04	−0.57*	0.023
	23.75	4-Hydroxybenzoic acid	6.37 ± 0.13	5.24 ± 0.59	4.30 ± 0.33	4.09 ± 0.80	−0.28	−0.57*	−0.64*	0.036
	38.02	5-Acetylsalicylic acid	5.34 ± 0.59	7.29 ± 1.01	4.16 ± 0.60	3.21 ± 0.25	0.45	−0.36	−0.73	0.002
	30.48	Ascorbic acid	5.77 ± 0.52	4.27 ± 1.53	3.02 ± 0.76	6.95 ± 0.71	−0.74	−1.60	0.46	0.050
	34.11	Caffeic acid	9.49 ± 1.02	4.35 ± 0.57	4.12 ± 0.35	2.04 ± 0.33	−1.13*	−1.20*	−2.21**	2.58E-06
	27.93	Citric acid	7.73 ± 1.21	3.91 ± 0.52	4.89 ± 0.55	3.47 ± 0.49	−0.98*	−0.66*	−1.16*	0.012
	35.57	Elaidic acid	14.07 ± 5.69	3.21 ± 0.51	1.89 ± 0.21	0.82 ± 0.10	−2.13*	−2.89*	−4.1*	1.99E-06
	29.36	Glyceric acid	6.47 ± 0.67	5.55 ± 1.04	3.19 ± 0.30	4.79 ± 0.24	−0.22	−1.02*	−0.43	0.013
	35.44	Linoelaidic acid	14.86 ± 6.97	2.12 ± 0.30	1.27 ± 0.08	1.74 ± 0.60	−2.81*	−3.55*	−3.09*	1.12E-04
	14.63	Malic acid	6.56 ± 0.71	4.25 ± 0.27	3.61 ± 0.42	5.57 ± 0.94	−0.63*	−0.86**	−0.24	0.015
	35.69	Oleic Acid	10.24 ± 2.13	4.69 ± 0.66	3.68 ± 0.37	1.38 ± 0.13	−1.13*	−1.48*	−2.89*	3.98E-07
	32.49	Palmitic Acid	12.43 ± 4.54	3.79 ± 0.53	2.58 ± 0.27	1.21 ± 0.16	−1.71*	−2.27*	−3.36*	7.20E-06
	37.72	Ribonic acid	4.54 ± 0.16	4.66 ± 0.54	4.51 ± 0.34	6.29 ± 0.50	0.04	−0.01	0.47*	0.042
	20.90	Salicylic acid	5.12 ± 0.39	3.93 ± 0.59	3.79 ± 0.67	7.17 ± 1.50	−0.38	−0.43	0.49	0.034
	45.29	Sinapic acid	9.26 ± 0.67	5.15 ± 0.83	3.06 ± 0.47	2.53 ± 0.96	−0.85*	−1.60*	−1.87**	4.14E-04
	23.32	Succinic acid	6.57 ± 0.54	5.42 ± 1.12	4.27 ± 0.19	3.74 ± 0.67	−0.28	−0.62	−0.82*	0.042
	23.07	Tartaric acid	6.88 ± 0.78	4.81 ± 0.89	3.53 ± 0.12	4.78 ± 0.52	−0.51*	−0.96*	−0.53	0.014
	21.76	Threonic acid	6.14 ± 0.76	4.56 ± 0.41	3.87 ± 0.17	5.44 ± 0.61	−0.43	−0.67*	−0.18	0.034
	57.83	Ursolic acid	6.37 ± 0.70	5.21 ± 0.69	3.67 ± 0.21	4.74 ± 0.64	−0.29	−0.79*	−0.43	0.050
Sugar alcohols	07.91	Ethylene glycol	5.73 ± 0.46	5.51 ± 0.49	3.95 ± 0.30	4.81 ± 0.38	−0.06	−0.54*	−0.25	0.031
	30.60	Myo-inositol	4.06 ± 0.47	4.38 ± 0.69	4.76 ± 0.63	6.80 ± 0.44	0.11	0.23	0.74**	0.015
	26.23	Mannitol	5.28 ± 0.32	3.22 ± 0.34	4.23 ± 0.56	7.26 ± 1.37	−0.71	−0.32	0.46	0.010
	27.85	Pinitol	5.01 ± 0.40	4.01 ± 0.75	4.48 ± 0.23	6.51 ± 0.58	−0.32	−0.16	0.38	0.022
Sugars	16.38	Allose	5.48 ± 0.15	4.83 ± 0.62	3.80 ± 0.32	5.88 ± 0.40	−0.18	−0.53*	0.10	0.013
	25.71	D-Rhamnose	6.44 ± 1.51	4.76 ± 1.01	3.05 ± 0.23	5.75 ± 0.57	−0.43	−1.08*	−0.16	0.043
	22.52	Fructose	4.49 ± 0.63	5.35 ± 1.05	3.73 ± 0.39	6.43 ± 0.19	0.25	−0.27	0.52	0.045
	36.52	Galactose	6.19 ± 0.27	6.39 ± 1.34	3.98 ± 0.65	3.44 ± 0.31	0.05	−0.63*	−0.85*	0.020
	29.87	Glucose	4.68 ± 0.43	5.58 ± 0.41	3.93 ± 0.25	5.82 ± 0.39	0.26	−0.25	0.31	0.007
	40.47	L-Rhamnose	8.18 ± 0.72	5.42 ± 0.96	3.22 ± 0.73	3.18 ± 0.72	−0.59*	−1.34*	−1.36*	0.008
	15.98	Maltose	6.74 ± 0.25	4.58 ± 0.64	4.69 ± 0.82	4.00 ± 0.46	−0.56*	−0.52*	−0.75*	0.042
	26.48	Mannose	6.44 ± 0.46	5.37 ± 0.43	4.12 ± 0.66	4.07 ± 0.64	−0.26	−0.64*	−0.66*	0.042
	29.21	Tagatose	6.79 ± 1.06	5.18 ± 0.57	5.38 ± 1.31	2.64 ± 0.43	−0.39	−0.34	−1.36*	0.045
	24.53	Xylose	4.96 ± 0.35	4.15 ± 0.47	4.03 ± 0.58	6.86 ± 0.81	−0.26	−0.3	0.47*	0.017
Others	15.04	1-(ethenyloxy)-3-methylbenzene	3.59 ± 0.66	6.20 ± 0.67	6.56 ± 0.47	3.65 ± 0.79	0.79*	0.87*	0.02	0.018
	24.14	1,3,5-Benzetriol	13.44 ± 5.19	3.37 ± 0.48	2.37 ± 0.30	0.82 ± 0.17	−2.00*	−2.50*	−4.03*	4.86E-06
	40.16	5-Methyluridine	4.14 ± 0.48	4.38 ± 0.66	3.55 ± 0.35	7.92 ± 0.85	0.08	−0.22	0.94*	0.003
	47.08	5-O-C-D-quinic acid	7.24 ± 1.70	6.30 ± 0.79	3.48 ± 0.38	2.98 ± 0.30	−0.2	−1.06*	−1.28*	0.005
	15.69	Cadaverine	2.49 ± 0.13	5.55 ± 1.23	5.54 ± 0.62	6.43 ± 0.71	1.16*	1.16*	1.37*	0.004
	10.57	Cerulenin	4.15 ± 0.31	4.75 ± 0.67	4.87 ± 0.34	6.24 ± 0.32	0.20	0.23	0.59*	0.032
	28.33	Epicatechin	11.67 ± 2.14	2.24 ± 0.89	3.16 ± 1.01	2.93 ± 1.15	−2.38*	−1.89*	−1.99*	0.011
	20.46	Ethanolamine	3.24 ± 0.5	4.45 ± 0.71	5.13 ± 0.89	7.18 ± 0.67	0.46	0.67	1.15*	0.015
	36.04	Methyl galactoside	4.78 ± 0.68	4.24 ± 0.59	3.35 ± 0.15	7.64 ± 0.44	−0.17	−0.51*	0.68*	4.30E-04
	32.34	Oleamide	8.98 ± 1.96	4.85 ± 1.96	1.58 ± 0.17	4.59 ± 1.15	−0.89	−2.50*	−0.97	0.002
	21.56	Putrescine	5.52 ± 0.83	5.38 ± 1.26	2.64 ± 0.53	6.46 ± 1.20	−0.04	−1.07	0.23	0.041

*Values are means of five replicates ±SE. Fold changes are calculated using the formula log2 (Control/Treatment). *indicates significance (p < 0.05); **indicates high significance (p < 0.01).

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Table 1 Relative concentrations and fold changes of significant metabolites in the leaves of C. spinarum under different levels of watering treatments.

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