Table 4 Relative concentrations and fold changes of significant metabolites in the leaves of A. sitosa under different levels of watering treatments.

From: Differential metabolic responses of shrubs and grasses to water additions in arid karst region, southwestern China

Metabolite groups

RT

Metabolites

Relative concentrations

Fold changes

p

CK

T1

T2

T3

FCT1/CK

FCT2/CK

FCT3/CK

Amino acids

21.18

5-Oxoproline

5.55 ± 0.45

8.29 ± 1.94

3.01 ± 0.74

3.16 ± 0.36

0.58

−0.88*

−0.81*

0.005

10.17

Alanine

6.86 ± 0.35

9.17 ± 3.66

1.79 ± 0.82

2.19 ± 0.61

0.42

−1.94

−1.65

0.036

21.23

Aspartic acid

4.68 ± 0.95

8.74 ± 1.99

4.41 ± 1.88

2.17 ± 1.00

0.9

−0.09

−1.11

0.024

19.65

Cystathionine

6.28 ± 0.88

8.90 ± 3.03

2.38 ± 0.46

2.43 ± 0.59

0.5

−1.40*

−1.37*

0.023

23.60

Dimethylglycine

5.25 ± 1.69

7.96 ± 1.90

2.33 ± 0.57

4.45 ± 0.86

0.6

−1.17

−0.24

0.019

11.69

Glutamic acid

4.65 ± 0.66

9.73 ± 3.21

3.26 ± 1.21

2.36 ± 0.68

1.07*

−0.51

−0.98

0.022

30.04

Leucine

7.74 ± 1.59

8.86 ± 3.45

1.45 ± 0.24

1.95 ± 0.66

0.19

−2.42*

−1.99*

0.018

21.15

Lysine

5.30 ± 0.90

9.96 ± 3.63

2.44 ± 0.79

2.30 ± 0.59

0.91

−1.12

−1.2

0.005

7.23

Methionine

6.88 ± 1.48

7.17 ± 1.26

2.86 ± 0.37

3.09 ± 1.14

0.06

−1.27*

−1.15*

0.039

23.66

Phenylalanine

6.66 ± 1.20

8.26 ± 2.37

2.56 ± 0.49

2.52 ± 0.58

0.31

−1.38*

−1.40*

0.013

42.80

Tyrosine

5.70 ± 0.96

9.21 ± 3.18

2.50 ± 0.38

2.60 ± 0.42

0.69

−1.19

−1.13

0.004

Organic acids

28.43

2-Ketoglutaric acid

6.48 ± 0.59

8.19 ± 1.91

2.34 ± 0.25

2.99 ± 0.23

0.34

−1.47*

−1.12*

1.31E-04

9.53

2-Methyl-4-pentenoic acid

6.14 ± 0.67

7.69 ± 3.10

1.93 ± 0.41

4.23 ± 0.97

0.32

−1.67

−0.54

0.017

31.25

2-Sebacic acid

5.81 ± 1.90

10.23 ± 5.1

1.52 ± 0.22

2.44 ± 0.21

0.82

−1.93

−1.25

0.003

32.03

3-Heptenedioic acid

6.39 ± 1.62

9.95 ± 3.60

1.42 ± 0.26

2.24 ± 0.12

0.64

−2.17

−1.51

0.001

44.82

3-Hydroxymandelic acid

6.17 ± 0.86

7.28 ± 2.02

2.53 ± 0.32

4.02 ± 0.88

0.24

−1.29

−0.62

0.025

30.39

4-Coumaric acid

6.28 ± 1.56

7.75 ± 2.67

2.40 ± 0.47

3.57 ± 0.77

0.3

−1.39

−0.81

0.05

22.41

Acetopyruvic acid

5.16 ± 1.91

9.64 ± 2.01

2.51 ± 0.43

2.69 ± 0.83

0.9

−1.04

−0.94

0.009

26.55

Aconitic acid (E)

5.60 ± 1.25

8.93 ± 2.37

3.11 ± 0.80

2.36 ± 0.36

0.67

−0.85

−1.25

0.008

6.91

Acrylic acid

6.23 ± 0.87

7.83 ± 2.45

2.55 ± 0.40

3.39 ± 0.38

0.33

−1.29

−0.88

0.017

30.48

Ascorbic acid

4.89 ± 1.40

9.32 ± 2.69

4.10 ± 1.23

1.68 ± 0.42

0.93

−0.25

−1.54

0.008

34.11

Caffeic acid

5.22 ± 0.51

8.33 ± 3.09

2.36 ± 0.55

4.09 ± 0.64

0.67

−1.15

−0.35

0.043

24.39

Dodecanoic acid

5.42 ± 0.76

8.83 ± 2.71

2.50 ± 0.26

3.25 ± 0.23

0.7

−1.12

−0.74

7.62E-04

16.97

Fumaric acid

6.61 ± 1.49

8.05 ± 1.73

2.17 ± 0.28

3.17 ± 0.35

0.28

−1.61*

−1.06*

3.71E-04

27.58

Galactaric acid

4.74 ± 0.66

9.11 ± 2.87

2.30 ± 0.25

3.84 ± 0.42

0.94

−1.04

−0.3

0.002

31.75

Gluconic acid

4.62 ± 0.76

9.54 ± 3.07

2.87 ± 0.43

2.98 ± 0.24

1.05*

−0.69

−0.63

0.018

16.38

Glyceric acid

4.74 ± 1.37

9.87 ± 1.63

2.18 ± 0.42

3.21 ± 0.80

1.06*

−1.12

−0.56

7.37E-04

9.47

Glycolic acid

5.61 ± 1.24

7.82 ± 1.96

2.33 ± 0.38

4.24 ± 0.60

0.48

−1.27

−0.4

0.005

33.28

Isoferulic acid

6.37 ± 1.48

8.39 ± 2.17

2.32 ± 0.46

2.92 ± 0.41

0.4

−1.46

−1.13

0.009

16.71

Itaconic acid

4.09 ± 0.98

8.10 ± 1.67

2.72 ± 0.49

5.09 ± 1.64

0.99

−0.59

0.32

0.032

45.20

Lignoceric acid

6.10 ± 0.71

8.71 ± 3.50

2.18 ± 0.25

3.01 ± 0.41

0.51

−1.48

−1.02

0.014

20.49

Malic acid

6.18 ± 2.59

9.13 ± 2.68

2.52 ± 0.71

2.17 ± 0.37

0.56

−1.29

−1.51

0.042

15.42

Niacin

6.68 ± 1.08

7.17 ± 1.76

2.67 ± 0.30

3.48 ± 0.45

0.1

−1.32*

−0.94*

0.002

11.21

Oxalic acid

5.58 ± 0.70

9.46 ± 2.91

1.73 ± 0.30

3.24 ± 0.48

0.76

−1.69

−0.78

4.65E-04

8.76

Propanoic acid

4.29 ± 0.88

8.53 ± 1.71

2.36 ± 0.27

4.82 ± 1.16

0.99*

−0.86

0.17

0.007

28.71

Quinic acid

7.53 ± 0.69

7.91 ± 1.71

1.87 ± 0.49

2.69 ± 0.55

0.07

−2.01*

−1.49*

2.06E-04

27.80

Shikimic acid

7.35 ± 0.95

7.46 ± 2.49

2.09 ± 0.45

3.10 ± 0.43

0.02

−1.81*

−1.25*

0.003

24.84

Stearic acid

5.07 ± 0.75

8.76 ± 1.94

2.67 ± 0.56

3.50 ± 0.47

0.79*

−0.93

−0.53

0.004

15.98

Succinic acid

5.55 ± 0.99

8.29 ± 2.37

2.33 ± 0.38

3.82 ± 0.52

0.58

−1.25

−0.54

0.003

21.76

Threonic acid

5.54 ± 0.76

8.54 ± 2.22

2.55 ± 0.19

3.37 ± 0.33

0.62

−1.12

−0.72

0.002

41.60

Glucopyranuronic acid

11.25 ±  ± 2.73

4.18 ± 1.30

2.19 ± 0.51

2.38 ± 0.66

−1.43*

−2.36*

−2.24*

0.005

Sugar alcohols

25.92

Arabitol

3.67 ± 0.98

3.13 ± 2.85

6.27 ± 0.45

6.94 ± 0.54

−0.23

0.77*

0.92*

6.68E-04

6.96

Ethylene glycol

6.20 ± 1.95

7.78 ± 1.27

2.73 ± 3.51

3.29 ± 0.71

0.33

−1.18

−0.91

0.003

30.35

Dulcitol

6.59 ± 1.35

8.57 ± 1.22

2.27 ± 0.35

2.57 ± 0.37

0.38

−1.54

−1.36

0.005

47.08

Galactinol

6.60 ± 2.67

7.68 ± 1.22

2.31 ± 0.83

3.41 ± 2.28

0.22

−1.51*

−0.95*

2.21E-04

14.89

Glycerol

5.27 ± 0.39

8.41 ± 0.63

3.17 ± 0.60

3.15 ± 0.37

0.67

−0.73

−0.74

0.033

33.18

Myo-Inositol

5.57 ± 0.41

7.52 ± 2.32

3.15 ± 0.33

3.76 ± 0.20

0.43

−0.82

−0.57

0.02

Sugars

40.86

3-α-Mannobiose

6.33 ± 0.84

7.60 ± 2.08

3.01 ± 0.78

3.05 ± 0.55

0.26

−1.07

−1.05

0.021

33.80

Altrose

6.77 ± 0.94

7.02 ± 1.56

2.74 ± 0.46

3.47 ± 0.67

0.05

−1.30*

−0.96

0.012

24.53

Arabinose

5.10 ± 0.59

9.13 ± 3.26

2.51 ± 0.31

3.26 ± 0.31

0.84

−1.02

−0.65

0.002

35.15

Cellobiose

5.96 ± 0.70

8.08 ± 2.45

2.17 ± 0.37

3.80 ± 0.63

0.44

−1.46**

−0.65*

0.006

37.18

Floridoside

6.56 ± 1.63

7.47 ± 2.46

2.41 ± 0.43

3.57 ± 0.40

0.19

−1.44

−0.88

0.022

29.39

Galactose

5.78 ± 0.72

7.49 ± 1.49

3.06 ± 0.47

3.68 ± 0.81

0.37

−0.92

−0.65

0.011

32.09

Glucose

6.64 ± 0.92

7.90 ± 1.48

2.57 ± 0.22

2.88 ± 0.96

0.25

−1.37*

−1.21*

0.013

31.84

Glucose, 6-O-Ă -D-GP

5.80 ± 0.71

9.15 ± 1.88

1.78 ± 0.50

3.27 ± 0.65

0.66

−1.7

−0.83

0.008

40.24

Maltose

6.64 ± 0.72

7.93 ± 2.23

2.23 ± 0.29

3.21 ± 0.45

0.26

−1.57**

−1.05*

0.002

Sugars

48.99

Melibiose

7.65 ± 2.19

7.84 ± 2.66

1.75 ± 0.26

2.76 ± 0.21

0.04

−2.13*

−1.47

0.001

33.94

Sedoheptulose

6.39 ± 1.17

7.69 ± 1.45

2.78 ± 0.38

3.14 ± 0.51

0.27

−1.20**

−1.03*

0.003

23.33

Talose

6.12 ± 0.54

7.57 ± 1.88

3.24 ± 0.39

3.07 ± 0.31

0.31

−0.92

−1

0.002

20.24

Threose

7.36 ± 0.93

8.33 ± 2.14

1.71 ± 0.22

2.61 ± 0.24

0.18

−2.11*

−1.50*

3.46E-05

43.57

Trehalose

7.61 ± 2.07

7.89 ± 2.35

2.35 ± 0.47

2.16 ± 0.31

0.05

−1.70*

−1.82*

0.01

36.03

Turanose

7.84 ± 1.74

7.94 ± 2.03

2.36 ± 0.51

1.86 ± 0.52

0.02

−1.73*

−2.08*

0.004

27.12

Xylofuranose

6.33 ± 0.87

7.36 ± 1.29

2.72 ± 0.14

3.59 ± 0.65

0.22

−1.22*

−0.82*

0.001

26.74

Xylose

5.43 ± 1.00

8.30 ± 2.35

2.70 ± 0.70

3.57 ± 0.39

0.61

−1.01

−0.61

0.004

27.00

α-D-fructofuranoside

5.15 ± 0.67

9.68 ± 3.24

2.38 ± 0.49

2.79 ± 0.33

0.91

−1.11

−0.88

0.004

31.15

β-D-Glucopyranose

4.87 ± 0.44

8.34 ± 2.04

2.79 ± 0.32

4.00 ± 0.19

0.78

−0.8

−0.28

0.005

42.75

β-Gentiobiose

6.12 ± 0.83

9.64 ± 4.92

2.13 ± 0.65

2.10 ± 0.72

0.66

−1.52

−1.54

0.045

Others

49.21

1-Octacosanol

10.7 ± 2.29

5.20 ± 2.36

2.56 ± 0.48

1.54 ± 0.29

−1.04*

−2.06*

−2.80*

9.34E-04

43.48

2-linoleoylglycerol

6.58 ± 1.03

8.29 ± 2.82

2.57 ± 0.52

2.56 ± 0.32

0.33

−1.36

−1.36

0.005

46.98

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol

7.99 ± 1.67

8.56 ± 5.20

1.75 ± 0.37

1.69 ± 0.58

0.1

−2.19

−2.24

0.012

38.49

5-Methyluridine

6.58 ± 1.26

8.72 ± 2.05

1.87 ± 0.18

2.84 ± 0.29

0.41

−1.82*

−1.21*

4.18E-05

49.08

Alpha-Tocopherol

9.43 ± 0.62

4.58 ± 1.99

2.02 ± 0.92

3.96 ± 0.91

−1.04

−2.22*

−1.25

0.048

41.47

Arbutin

5.96 ± 0.82

8.81 ± 3.10

2.23 ± 0.44

3.00 ± 0.63

0.56

−1.42

−0.99

0.021

50.58

Campesterol

5.81 ± 0.58

8.86 ± 3.12

2.25 ± 0.31

3.08 ± 0.18

0.61

−1.37

−0.92

0.001

26.72

Glycerol 3-phosphate

6.47 ± 2.00

8.36 ± 3.31

2.87 ± 0.31

2.30 ± 0.48

0.37

−1.17

−1.49

0.007

44.22

Guanosine

8.30 ± 1.90

7.07 ± 1.82

2.05 ± 0.33

2.58 ± 0.69

−0.23

−2.02*

−1.69*

0.002

25.22

Methyl galactoside

5.95 ± 0.92

8.09 ± 3.45

2.44 ± 0.33

3.51 ± 0.66

0.44

−1.29

−0.76

0.015

25.39

N-Acetyl glucosamine

5.30 ± 0.92

10.26 ± 2.7

2.00 ± 0.58

2.44 ± 0.55

0.95

−1.41

−1.12

0.032

35.96

Oleamide

6.58 ± 0.95

9.22 ± 2.39

1.51 ± 0.31

2.69 ± 0.25

0.49

−2.12*

−1.29*

3.78E-05

14.79

Phosphate

4.43 ± 0.74

8.35 ± 2.87

2.96 ± 0.38

4.26 ± 0.49

0.91

−0.58

−0.06

0.028

12.21

Phosphoric acid monomethyl ester

3.91 ± 0.78

9.46 ± 2.35

3.07 ± 0.42

3.56 ± 0.60

1.27*

−0.35

−0.14

0.009

34.79

Phytol

6.06 ± 1.19

8.00 ± 2.31

1.98 ± 0.19

3.96 ± 0.38

0.4

−1.61

−0.61

0.001

52.14

Stigmastanol

7.84 ± 1.71

7.98 ± 2.23

1.75 ± 0.31

2.42 ± 0.18

0.03

−2.16*

−1.70*

6.66E-04

50.96

Stigmasterol

5.85 ± 0.87

8.89 ± 2.70

2.29 ± 0.29

2.96 ± 0.17

0.6

−1.35

−0.98

0.002

14.07

Urea

4.75 ± 0.52

6.89 ± 2.35

6.59 ± 0.22

1.77 ± 0.40

0.54

0.47

−1.42

0.049

51.93

β-Sitosterol

6.48 ± 1.07

8.57 ± 2.99

2.11 ± 0.27

2.84 ± 0.21

0.4

−1.62

−1.19

7.08E-04

  1. *Values are means of five replicates ±SE. Fold changes are calculated using the formula log2 (Control/Treatment). *indicates significance (p < 0.05); **indicates high significance (p < 0.01).
Back to article page