Table 2 Differentially abundant genera (p < 0.05) in the lettuce rhizosphere microbiome cultivated in peat substrate (PS) and peat substrate amended with chitin (Chitin).

Kingdom	Phylum	Genus	PS (%)	Chitin (%)	Increase/Decrease	Potential function*
Archaea	Thaumarchaeota	Nitrosotalea	0.30 ± 0.03	0.12 ± 0.01	0.4	Ammonium oxidation⁶⁹
Bacteria	Acidobacteria	Koribacter	0.31 ± 0.02	0.17 ± 0.01	0.5	Nitric oxide reduction⁷⁰
	Bacteroidetes	Pedobacter	1.02 ± 0.02	1.56 ± 0.15	1.5	PGP and biocontrol⁷¹
		Dyadobacter	0.20 ± 0.01	0.53 ± 0.13	2.6	NA
		Arachidicoccus	0.18 ± 0.02	0.39 ± 0.04	2.2	NA
	Proteobacteria	Nitrosospira	0.59 ± 0.12	2.04 ± 0.33	3.4	Ammonium oxidation^42,72,73
		Cellvibrio	0.08 ± 0.03	0.58 ± 0.19	7.6	PGP, chitin degradation and N-cycle^25,26,27
		Nitrobacter	0.19 ± 0.01	0.32 ± 0.02	1.7	Nitrite oxidation⁷⁴
		Pseudolabrys	0.24 ± 0.01	0.15 ± 0.01	0.6	NA
		Escherichia	0.06 ± 0.01	0.31 ± 0.12	5.0	NA
		Methylophilus	0.23 ± 0.07	0.08 ± 0.02	0.4	NA
		Rhodoplanes	0.18 ± 0.01	0.10 ± 0.01	0.6	NA
		Nitrosomonas	0.06 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.02	1.8	Ammonium oxidation⁷²
Fungi	Ascomycota	Hanseniaspora	0.01 ± 0.01	0.26 ± 0.01	18.6	NA
Fungi	Zygomycota	Mortierella	0.03 ± 0.01	0.57 ± 0.04	18.5	Chitin degradation²⁸ and biocontrol⁷⁵
Protozoa	Ciliophora	Stylonychia	0.11 ± 0.02	0.26 ± 0.04	2.5	NA
Protozoa		Oxytricha	0.11 ± 0.02	0.36 ± 0.06	3.4	NA

The average relative abundance of reads (±standard error, n = 4) is shown for plants grown in either in peat or chitin-amended peat. Only genera with an average relative abundance of 0.10% in at least one of the treatments are shown.
*Species of specific genera described in literature involved in the N-cycle, chitin degradation or biocontrol.
NA = To our knowledge, these bacterial genera contain no currently known species involved in the nitrogen cycle, chitin degradation or plant growth promotion.

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