Table 1 Posterior means, standard deviations (i.e. SD) and 95% credible intervals for all the measured traits, and how they contribute to (a) survival in the first generation, (b) development time and body mass in the first generation, (c) survival in the second generation, (d) development time and body mass in the second generation, and (e) relative lipid content (%) in the second generation.

From: Sublethal Pyrethroid Insecticide Exposure Carries Positive Fitness Effects Over Generations in a Pest Insect

		Parameter	Mean	SD	2.5%	97.5%
(a) Survival in the first generation
24 h larval survival	Intercept	β ₁₁	−1.06	1.972	−4.689	2.979
	Within-generational treatment: insecticide	β ₂₁	0.42	0.696	−0.896	1.807
	Larval body mass	ε	−0.73	0.584	−1.980	0.278
Total larval survival	Intercept	β ₁₂	−0.96	0.211	−1.382	−0.555^*
Total larval survival	Within-generational treatment: insecticide	β ₂₂	0.07	0.292	−0.502	0.641
Pupal survival	Intercept	β ₁₃	−1.62	0.298	−2.231	−1.057^*
Pupal survival	Within-generational treatment: insecticide	β ₂₃	−0.03	0.419	−0.861	0.791
Adult survival	Intercept	β ₁₄	−1.95	0.371	−2.722	−1.271^*
Adult survival	Within−generational treatment: insecticide	β ₂₄	−1.35	0.741	−2.890	0.024^†
(b) Development time and body mass in the first generation
Development time (log days)	Intercept	α ₁₁	3.38	0.006	3.369	3.393^*
	Within-generational treatment: insecticide	α ₂₁	−0.002	0.007	−0.015	0.012
	Sex: male	α ₃₁	−0.02	0.007	−0.032	−0.005^*
Emergence body mass (mg)	Intercept	α ₁₂	122.77	1.906	119.075	126.568^*
	Within-generational treatment: insecticide	α ₂₂	−0.39	2.205	−4.660	3.953^*
	Sex: male	α ₃₂	−18.38	2.258	−22.888	−13.963^*
Body mass at the age of 10 days (mg)	Intercept	α ₁₃	164.93	2.900	159.289	170.493^*
	Within-generational treatment: insecticide	α ₂₃	7.00	3.388	0.364	13.690^*
	Sex: male	α ₃₃	−31.83	3.401	−38.483	−25.129^*
(c) Survival in the second generation
24 h larval survival	Intercept	δ ₁₁	−6.66	1.762	−10.203	−3.222^*
	Within-generational treatment: insecticide	δ ₂₁	2.06	0.874	0.582	4.011^*
	Transgenerational treatment: insecticide	δ ₃₁	1.02	0.947	−0.680	3.057
	Maternal 10-day mass	δ ₄₁	0.01	0.009	−0.007	0.027
	Within-generational treatment * transgenerational treatment	δ ₅₁	−1.70	1.073	−3.954	0.291
Total larval survival	Intercept	δ ₁₂	0.51	0.596	−0.670	1.689
	Within-generational treatment: insecticide	δ ₂₂	0.29	0.199	−0.096	0.682
	Transgenerational treatment: insecticide	δ ₃₂	−0.56	0.210	−0.975	−0.152^*
	Maternal 10-day mass	δ ₄₂	−0.004	0.003	−0.010	0.003
	Within-generational treatment * transgenerational treatment	δ ₅₂	−0.32	0.293	−0.898	0.259
Pupal survival	Intercept	δ ₁₃	0.52	0.589	−0.641	1.668
	Within-generational treatment: insecticide	δ ₂₃	0.18	0.196	−0.201	0.565
	Transgenerational treatment: insecticide	δ ₃₃	−0.58	0.207	−0.986	−0.175^*
	Maternal 10-day mass	δ ₄₃	−0.004	0.003	−0.010	0.003
	Within-generational treatment * transgenerational treatment	δ ₅₃	−0.22	0.290	−0.799	0.336
Adult survival	Intercept adult mortality (no interaction, too many had died not enough combinations to estimate the interaction)	δ ₁₄	−7.26	4.126	−15.692	0.522
	Within-generational treatment	δ ₂₄	1.00	0.971	−0.774	3.083
	Transgenerational treatment	δ ₃₄	−1.48	1.043	−3.792	0.398^†
	Maternal 10-day mass	δ ₄₄	0.02	0.023	−0.027	0.061
(d) Development time and body mass in the second generation
Development time (log days)	Intercept	γ ₁₁	3.37	0.025	3.317	3.413^*
	Within-generational treatment: insecticide	γ ₂₁	<0.001	0.009	−0.019	0.018
	Sex: male	γ ₃₁	−0.03	0.009	−0.045	−0.008^*
	Sex * transgenerational treatment	γ ₄₁	0.04	0.013	0.012	0.061^*
	Transgenerational treatment	γ ₅₁	−0.02	0.011	−0.042	<0.001
	Within-generational treatment * transgenerational treatment	γ ₆₁	−0.005	0.013	−0.030	0.019
	Maternal 10-day mass	γ ₇₁	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Emergence body mass (mg)	Intercept	γ ₁₂	107.83	4.973	98.018	117.455^*
	Within-generational treatment: insecticide	γ ₂₂	1.35	1.922	−2.373	5.135
	Sex: male	γ ₃₂	−12.16	1.907	−15.885	−8.429^*
	Sex * Transgenerational treatment	γ ₄₂	−2.76	2.512	−7.738	2.145
	Transgenerational treatment: insecticide	γ ₅₂	4.85	2.167	0.625	9.109^*
	Within-generational treatment * transgenerational treatment	γ ₆₂	−1.99	2.525	−6.845	2.983
	Maternal 10-day mass	γ ₇₂	0.03	0.027	−0.021	0.084
Body mass at the age of 7 days (mg)	Intercept	γ ₁₃	176.37	8.760	159.017	193.616^*
	Within-generational treatment: insecticide	γ ₂₃	3.02	3.355	−3.543	9.624
	Sex: male	γ ₃₃	−28.31	3.351	−34.988	−21.657^*
	Sex * transgenerational treatment	γ ₄₃	−7.98	4.448	−16.644	0.829^†
	Transgenerational treatment: insecticide	γ ₅₃	7.36	3.763	−0.002	14.525^†
	Within-generational treatment * transgenerational treatment	γ ₆₃	−1.10	4.434	9.815	7.519^*
	Maternal 10-day mass	γ ₇₃	0.01	0.047	−0.083	0.102
Body mass at the age of 14 days (mg)	Intercept	γ ₁₄	142.12	6.435	129.316	154.637^*
	Within-generational treatment: insecticide	γ ₂₄	−0.37	2.471	−5.260	4.602
	Sex: male	γ ₃₄	−15.55	2.478	−20.440	−10.663^*
	Sex * transgenerational treatment	γ ₄₄	−3.21	3.301	−9.737	3.357
	Transgenerational treatment: insecticide	γ ₅₄	4.06	2.806	−1.499	9.458
	Within-generational treatment * transgenerational treatment	γ ₆₄	0.91	3.258	−5.293	7.389
	Maternal 10-day mass	γ ₇₄	0.03	0.035	−0.042	0.094
(e) Relative lipid content (%) in the second generation
Relative lipid content (%)	Intercept	γ ₁₅	−1.42	0.119	−1.650	−1.187^*
	Within-generational treatment: insecticide	γ ₂₅	−0.03	0.046	−0.118	0.062
	Sex: male	γ ₃₅	0.06	0.030	0.004	0.122^*
	Transgenerational treatment: insecticide	γ ₄₅	−0.04	0.042	−0.118	0.047
	Within-generational treatment * transgenerational treatment	γ ₅₅	0.06	0.060	−0.054	0.181
	Maternal 10-day mass	γ ₆₅	<0.001	0.001	−0.001	0.002
Water content (%)	Intercept	γ ₁₆	0.07	0.073	−0.070	0.213
	Within-generational treatment: insecticide	γ ₂₆	0.006	0.028	−0.050	0.062
	Sex: male	γ ₃₆	−0.02	0.019	−0.057	0.016
	Transgenerational treatment: insecticide	γ ₄₆	0.003	0.026	−0.049	0.054
	Within-generational treatment * transgenerational treatment	γ ₅₆	−0.02	0.038	−0.090	0.058
	Maternal 10-day mass	γ ₆₆	<0.001	<0.001	−0.001	<0.001
Dry mass (%)	Intercept	γ ₁₇	−0.89	0.038	−0.963	−0.815^*
	Within-generational treatment: insecticide	γ ₂₇	0.01	0.014	−0.017	0.040
	Sex: male	γ ₃₇	−0.02	0.009	−0.041	−0.004^*
	Transgenerational treatment: insecticide	γ ₄₇	0.005	0.013	−0.021	0.030
	Within-generational treatment * transgenerational treatment	γ ₅₇	−0.01	0.019	−0.047	0.028
	Maternal 10-day mass	γ ₆₇	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

Parameters with posterior probabilities greater than 95% are marked with *, and those with moderate effects are marked with^†.

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