Figure 1 | Scientific Reports

Figure 1

From: Interaction of PIAS1 with PRRS virus nucleocapsid protein mediates NF-κB activation and triggers proinflammatory mediators during viral infection

Figure 1

Activation of NF-κB by PRRSV in ZMAC cells and primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). (a) ZMAC cells were infected with the PA8 strain of PRRSV at 5 moi for 10 h. Cells were stained with α-PRRSV-N MAb (MR40) (mouse) (green) and α-p65 PAb (rabbit) (red). The nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Images were taken by confocal microscopy (Nikon A1R). White arrows indicate the nucleus (Nu), and the orange arrow indicates the nucleolus (No). Scales in micrometers (μm). (b,c) Primary PAMs were infected with PRRSV at 1 moi for indicated times, and total RNAs were isolated. RT-qPCR was performed to detect the levels of PRRSV-N genes (b) and transcripts for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α (c). The relative levels were calculated using the 2−ΔΔCT method by normalizing the values to that of β-actin. The fold changes were compared to the levels at time zero. Error bars, mean ± standard deviation (s.d.). (n = 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

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