Figure 6
Diagram: excessive ER stress-mediated disruption of homeostasis in trophoblasts. Prospective status under normal condition, including physiological ER stress, is shown in left: lysosomes serve in the autophagy pathway for degradation, or are located on the cell surface for membrane repair or secretion. Pathological condition, including excessive ER stress, is shown in right. Hypoxia-reoxygenation stress or autophagy inhibition (Supplemental Fig. 6) potentially initiates excessive ER stress. ER stress decreases the number of intracellular lysosomes contributing to autophagy inhibition; or the number of surface lysosomes, which might be related to secretion. Excessive ER stress and autophagy inhibition could cooperatively disrupt homeostasis in trophoblasts.
