Table 2 Baseline health-related characteristics according to quartiles of physical activity.

From: Independent effect of physical activity and resting heart rate on the incidence of atrial fibrillation in the general population

 

Physical activity (METs/day)

Total

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

p-value

19.5 (11.3, 35.6)

<11.3

11.3–19.4

19.5–35.5

≥35.6

n = 8,811

n = 2,230

n = 2,047

n = 2,251

n = 2,283

Body mass index (kg/m2)

24.5 (22.5, 26.5)

24.5 (22.5, 26.7)

24.7 (22.8, 26.8)

24.5 (22.7, 26.4)

24.2 (22.0, 26.2)†

<0.001

Hypertension

1,351 (15.3%)

361 (16.2%)

309 (15.1%)

335 (14.9%)

346 (15.2%)

0.625

Diabetes mellitus

579 (6.6%)

171 (7.7%)

114 (5.6%)

143 (6.4%)

151 (6.6%)

0.048

Hyperlipidemia

215 (2.4%)

58 (2.6%)

70 (3.4%)

56 (2.5%)

31 (1.4%)

<0.001

Congestive heart failure

21 (0.2%)

5 (0.2%)

1 (<0.1%)

4 (0.2%)

11 (0.5%)

0.027

Coronary artery disease

67 (0.8%)

17 (0.8%)

20 (1%)

19 (0.8%)

11 (0.5%)

0.280

Previous myocardial infarction

84 (1%)

27 (1.2%)

11 (0.5%)

21 (0.9%)

25 (1.1%)

0.121

Peripheral artery disease

30 (0.3%)

8 (0.4%)

7 (0.3%)

6 (0.3%)

9 (0.4%)

0.901

Cerebrovascular disease

98 (1.1%)

32 (1.4%)

18 (0.9%)

29 (1.3%)

19 (0.8%)

0.146

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

59 (0.7%)

19 (0.9%)

11 (0.5%)

10 (0.4%)

19 (0.8%)

0.233

Asthma

193 (2.2%)

55 (2.5%)

42 (2.1%)

44 (2%)

52 (2.3%)

0.650

Thyroid disease

264 (3.0%)

64 (2.9%)

69 (3.4%)

82 (3.6%)

49 (2.1%)

0.018

Smoking habit

     

<0.001

   Never

5,183 (58.8%)

1,294 (58%)

1,271 (62.1%)

1,337 (59.4%)

1,281 (56.1%)

 

   Former

1,384 (15.7%)

328 (14.7%)

315 (15.4%)

387 (17.2%)

354 (15.5%)

 

   Current

2,244 (25.5%)

608 (27.3%)

461 (22.5%)

527 (23.4%)

648 (28.4%)

 

Alcohol

     

0.186

   Never

4,045 (45.9%)

1,052 (47.2%)

932 (45.5%)

1,007 (44.7%)

1,054 (46.2%)

 

   Ex-

563 (6.4%)

149 (6.7%)

109 (5.3%)

152 (6.8%)

153 (6.7%)

 

   Current

4,203 (47.7%)

1,029 (46.1%)

1,006 (49.1%)

1,092 (48.5%)

1,076 (47.1%)

 

Antihypertensive medication

1,025 (11.6%)

272 (12.2%)

237 (11.6%)

257 (11.4%)

259 (11.3%)

0.581

Levels of physical activities

Steady ≥1 h/day

3,139 (36%)

846 (39.5%)

758 (37%)

865 (38.5%)

670 (29.4%)

<0.001

Sitting ≥1 h/day

6,736 (77.4%)

1,540 (72.7%)

1,714 (83.7%)

1,944 (86.4%)

1,538 (67.4%)

<0.001

Light ≥1 h/day

6,049 (69.7%)

842 (40%)

1,737 (84.9%)

1,924 (85.5%)

1,546 (67.7%)

<0.001

Moderate ≥1 h/day

2,120 (24.6%)

84 (4.1%)

249 (12.2%)

1,022 (45.4%)

765 (33.5%)

<0.001

High ≥1 h/day

2,834 (32.7%)

103 (4.9%)

121 (5.9%)

546 (24.3%)

2,064 (90.4%)

<0.001

Resting heart rate (bpm)

62.7 (59.3, 68)

63.3 (60, 68.3)

62.7 (59.3, 67.3)†

62.0 (58.7, 67)†

63.3 (60, 68)

<0.001

   <50

137 (1.6%)

38 (1.7%)

33 (1.6%)

43 (1.9%)

23 (1%)

<0.001

   50–59

1,872 (21.2%)

433 (19.4%)

486 (23.7%)

565 (25.1%)

388 (17%)

 

   60–69

5,119 (58.1%)

1,275 (57.2%)

1,181 (57.7%)

1,266 (56.2%)

1,397 (61.2%)

 

   70–85

1,590 (18%)

456 (20.4%)

335 (16.4%)

358 (15.9%)

441 (19.3%)

 

   >85

93 (1.1%)

28 (1.3%)

12 (0.6%)

19 (0.8%)

34 (1.5%)

 
  1. Data shown with percentages in parentheses represent numbers of participants, and data shown with two numbers in parentheses represent median values with interquartile ranges in parentheses.
  2. †p < 0.01 vs. Q1. Kruskal-Wallis test (Dunn’s post hoc).
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