Table 4 Hazard ratio according to resting heart rate and incident atrial fibrillation.

From: Independent effect of physical activity and resting heart rate on the incidence of atrial fibrillation in the general population

  

Resting Heart Rate (bpm)

<50

50–59

60–70

70–85

>85

No. with AF

 

5 (3.6%)

52 (2.8%)

87 (1.7%)

21 (1.3%)

2 (2.2%)

Incidence rate

 

3.74

2.81

1.75

1.40

2.55

Crude

HR (95% CI)

2.69 (1.01–7.12)

2.00 (1.21–3.32)

1.24 (0.77–2.00)

1

1.93 (0.45–8.24)

p-value

0.047

0.007

0.370

 

0.374

Model 1

HR (95% CI)

2.54 (0.95–6.79)

1.86 (1.11–3.12)

1.24 (0.77–2.00)

1

1.75 (0.41–7.46)

p-value

0.064

0.018

0.375

 

0.452

Model 2

HR (95% CI)

2.54 (0.94–6.88)

1.93 (1.14–3.26)

1.27 (0.79–2.06)

1

1.82 (0.43–7.83)

p-value

0.066

0.015

0.327

 

0.419

Model 3

HR (95% CI)

2.56 (0.95–6.88)

1.97 (1.17–3.32)

1.27 (0.79–2.06)

1

1.83 (0.43–7.87)

p- value

0.062

0.011

0.323

 

0.415

  1. Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, residence, education.
  2. Model 2: Model 1 + BMI, comorbidity, alcohol, and smoking.
  3. Model 3: Model 2 + physical activities.
  4. AF, atrial fibrillation; Incidence rate, per 1000 person-year; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index.
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