Figure 7

Hypothetical scheme of the kefir peptides regulatory pathway. The effects of kefir peptides on the anti-inflammatory response are hypothesized to occur through the NF-κB signaling pathway. The diagram shows that kefir peptides might inhibit the expression of p-NF-κB, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, α-SMA, and IL-4. Kefir peptides might also increase the SOD activity to reduce the ROS generation.