Figure 3

(a) Operations of PCS, i.e., one PCS for the whole or individual PCSs for each DP coil. And (b) the equivalent circuit model for a NI DP coil with its PCS. In the cryogenic environment, PCS is depicted by a temperature-dependent variable resistance RPCS. The lower branch has two parts, the left one is circuit of a NI coil25, and the right one is a joint (resistance Rjoint) of two coil terminals. Rt is the turn-turn resistance mainly controlled by winding tension and surface treatment of HTS wires. RSC is superconducting resistance depicted by ρ = E/J, where E and J relate as E–J power law (in Equation 1). Lmag is the magnet inductance.