Table 3 Number, percentage and expression of cytokines by regulatory cells of healthy controls and HIV-infected patients.

From: Antiretroviral therapy partially improves the abnormalities of dendritic cells and lymphoid and myeloid regulatory populations in recently infected HIV patients

 

Healthy controls (n = 20)

Naïve patients with detectable HIV load (n = 20).

Overall (n = 20)

HIV infection, recent (n = 10)

HIV infection, chronic (n = 10)

Treg/mm3

14 (9–24)

91 (19–258)**

113 (21–450)**

69 (18–255)*

Treg (percentage of CD4+ T cells)

2 (1–3)

23 (5–63)***

16 (6–55)***

27 (13–40)***

Treg expressing TGF-β1 (percentage of Treg)

5 (2–6)

16 (6–36)***

19 (5–42)**

11 (6–30)**

Treg expressing IL-10 (percentage of Treg)

1 (0–3)

6 (3–16)***

6 (3–18)*

7 (4–15)**

MDSC/mm3

13 (2–42)

13 (3–106)

16 (13–319)

6 (1–43)

MDSC (percentage of leukocytes)

0·3 (0·0–0·5)

0·3 (0·1–2·9)

0·5 (0·2–4·2)

0·1 (0·0–0·9)

MSDC expressing IL-10 (percentage of MSDC)

1 (1–2)

6 (4–13)***

5 (4–8)***

7 (4–22)***

  1. Abbreviations: Treg: T regulatory cells (CD4+ CD25highFoxP3+); TGF-β1: Transforming growth factor beta 1; IL-10: interleukin 10; MSDC: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells [(CD3,CD14,CD19,CD56)neg, HLA-DRneg, CD11b+ and CD33+)].
  2. Data are provided as absolute number (percentage) or as median (interquartile range).
  3. HIV-infected patients vs healthy controls: *p < 0·05, **p < 0·01, ***p < 0·001.
  4. Patients with recent vs chronic infection: ‡p < 0·05, ‡‡p < 0·01, ‡‡‡p < 0·001.
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